Recently, Chambers et al. (Journal of Economic Theory 70 (1996) 407}419; Working Paper, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 1996) have developed the concept of directional distance to measure technical e$ciency. However, there is no guarantee that such a measure must intersect the e$cient subset (also called strong e$cient subset) de"ned by Koopmans (Activity Analysis of Production and Al...

A measure to estimate the direct and directional coupling in multivariate time series is proposed. The measure is an extension of a recently published measure of conditional mutual information from mixed embedding (MIME) for bivariate time series. In the proposed measure of partial MIME (PMIME), the embedding is on all observed variables and it is optimized in explaining the response variable. ...

Some image and video processing algorithms can have the unintended consequence of introducing blocking artifacts into the processed imagery. Measuring blockiness plays an important role in many applications. This paper presents a reference-free blockiness measurement method. For a given image, the absolute difference between horizontally adjacent pixels is computed, normalized, and averaged alo...

In this study we propose a new architecture for texture classification based on pair-wise pixel associations as an extension of the recently developed Multivalued Recursive Network (MAREN) architecture. Maybe more critically we propose a novel similarity measure and classification algorithm to be used with this network. The proposed fidelity criterion has been observed to be tightly coupled wit...

A micro system for measuring the relative displacements between a bone and an implant in a prosthetic hip of a human being has been realized. Novel are the small dimensions of the system combined with the possibility to measure relative displacements in three directions. The system consists of a microsensor body, a mechanical transducer element made by precision mechanics, electronics, and the ...

A simple, effective measure of synonymous codon usage bias, the Codon Adaptation Index, is detailed. The index uses a reference set of highly expressed genes from a species to assess the relative merits of each codon, and a score for a gene is calculated from the frequency of use of all codons in that gene. The index assesses the extent to which selection has been effective in moulding the patt...

Directional detection can provide unambiguous observation of Dark Matter interactions even in presence of insidious backgrounds. The DM-TPC collaboration is developing a detector with the goal of measuring the direction and sense of nuclear recoils produced in Dark Matter interactions. The detector consists of a Time Projection Chamber with optical readout filled with CF4 gas at low pressure. A...

This paper reports the design of a low-cost inertial wave sensor (IWS) for installation on coastal environmental monitoring buoys. The University of Michigan‘s Ocean Engineering Laboratory design integrates a Rabbit RCM3600 embedded controller with a Honeywell accelerometer to measure buoy accelerations and estimate directional and non-directional wave spectral information. Information is outpu...

This paper reports the design and implementation of a low-cost inertial wave sensor (IWS) for installation on coastal environmental monitoring buoys. The University of Michigan’s Ocean Engineering Laboratory design integrates a Digi International Rabbit RCM3600 embedded controller with a Honeywell HMR3300 MEMS accelerometer to measure buoy accelerations and estimate directional and non-directio...

The infeasibility problem in traditional super efficiency models has been well established. A generalization of traditional inputor output-oriented super efficiency models, the directional distance function also suffers from infeasibility and related problems. The hyperbolic-oriented efficiency measure provides an alternative to the input-oriented, output-oriented, and directional efficiency me...