Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains became indispensable for understanding tuberculosis transmission dynamics and designing measures to combat the disease. Unfortunately, typing involves sophisticated laboratory analysis, is expensive, and requires a high level of technical expertise, which limited its use in the resource-poor countries where the majority of tuberculosis cases occu...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious public health problem affecting 170 million carriers worldwide. It is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer and is the primary cause for liver transplantation worldwide. HCV genotype 6 (HCV-6) is restricted to South China, South-East Asia, and it is also occasionally found in migrant patients from endemic countries. HCV-6 has cons...

background and objectives: varicella–zoster virus (vzv) is a human herpes virus that usually attacks young children and commonly causes chicken pox (varicella). following primary infection, a lifelong latent infection is established. the virus often reactivates during adulthood or senesces to cause shingles (zoster). little is known regarding the genotypes of varicella in kuwait. the aim of thi...

background and objectives: this study was carried out with the objective of determining the genomic variability of p. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients suffering from cystic fibrosis or from environmental cultures collected from different locations in the unit they admitted. materials and methods: a total of 57 clinical and environmental p. aeruginosa isolates were genotyped by enteroba...

background: retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood and mutation in the rb1 gene will trigger the tumorigenesis. so far, a wide range of the mutations along the length of rb1 gene have been reported. however, some could not be detected by common detection methods. in such condition, linkage analysis using microsatellite markers is suggested to trace unknown rb1 mutation...

background : the aim of the present study was genotyping of echinococcus granulosus isolates from dogs and jackals in mazandaran province, northern iran, and using partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( cox1 ). methods: e. granulosus isolates (n = 15) were collected from 42 stray dogs and 16 jackals found in south of the caspian sea in northern iran. after m...

background : cryptosporidium is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of vertebrates including humans. cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea in children with and without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in developing countries. more recently, the molecular methods for identification of morphologically indistin­guishable species have been developed...

fusarium verticillioides (f. verticillioides) is not only a primary pathogen of maize, but also can causedisease in other crops such as sorghum. pathogenicity is related to mycotoxin production such as fumonisin.in the present study, 24 isolates of f. verticillioides, which were previously identified by phenotype basedmethods, were re-identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (r...

background: cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19) is important in metabolism of wide range of drugs. cyp2c19*17 is a novel variant allele which increases gene transcription and therefore results in ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype (urm). distribution of this variant allele has not been well studied worldwide. the aim of present study was to investigate allele and genotype frequencies of cyp2c19*17 in...