OBJECTIVE Splanchnic artery occlusion shock (SAO) causes an enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to the pathophysiology of shock. Here we have investigated the effects of n-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, in rats subjected to SAO shock. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of rats with NAC (applied at 20 mg/kg, 5 min prior to reperfusion, followed by ...

Sir,—With regard to the article by Heine and colleagues,1 we believe that several points require clarification. The authors claim that the technique using 123-dihydrorhodamine is more specific than the more well known chemiluminescence technique for measuring neutrophil respiratory burst. Such claims remain unsubstantiated. Readers may infer from the article that the chemiluminescence method is...

The biodistribution of |l2SI]iododihydrorhodamine 123 has been studied over a 96-h period in four human tumor xenograft models: HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, PC-3 prostate carcinoma, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, and PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma. Elimination of radioactivity in the tumorbearing nude mice was rapid during the first 24 h and slow thereafter. The lack of uptake in the thyroid indicated there...

PURPOSE To compare age-related cataractous (ARC) changes in unirradiated mice lenses to those induced by head-only X-irradiation of 3 month-old mice. METHODS lens epithelial cells (LECs) as well as partially degraded cortical DNA were visualized in fixed sections using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and in fresh lenses using the vital stain Hoechst 33342. reactive oxygen speci...

A 4-year-old male patient was the fourth child of a Turkish family. He was admitted to hospital with the complaints of headache, vomiting, drowsiness, and backache. In the past, he had developed a localized infection at the site of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) inoculation and progressive axillary lymphadenitis, starting 3 months after BCG vaccination. He also developed pneumonia unresponsive ...

BACKGROUND Skin fibrosis is a significant medical problem that leads to a functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impact on quality-of-life. Light-emitting diode-generated 633-nm red light (LED-RL) is part of the visible light spectrum that is not known to cause DNA damage and is considered a safe, non-invasive, inexpensive, and portable potential alternative to ultraviolet phototherapy that ma...

Exposure of U937 cells to an otherwise nontoxic concentration of peroxynitrite promotes a rapid necrotic response in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of phospholipase A2. A 12fold higher concentration of the oxidant, in the absence of additional treatments, caused remarkably greater DNA singlestrand breakage, delayed formation of H2O2, and depletion of reduced glutathione but an ident...

Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant formed from the reaction between superoxide radicals and NO in a one-toone stoichiometry. This reaction occurs at 6.7310 mol/L z s,1 and it is essentially irreversible because of its highly exothermic nature. Therefore, the reaction is diffusionlimited, and it out-competes the reaction of superoxide dismutase for superoxide radicals, which proceeds at a rate of...

GASEOUS SIGNAL MEDIATORS include nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide (CO) (3, 20, 35). Both NO and hydrogen sulfide play important roles in inflammation, with the existing evidence supporting them as components of the normal biochemical milieu that stabilize the vasculature against leukocyte adhesion, extravasation, and vascular permeability (25, 35). Unlike G protein-coupl...

Non–transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is detected in the plasma of patients with diseases in which the transferrin-binding capacity for iron is exceeded by a massive iron overload, such as in certain forms of thalassemia and hemochromatosis, repeated blood transfusions, or bone marrow failure. NTBI may occur in plasma as insoluble polynuclear ferrihydrate species, as Fe(III) citrate or acetate comp...