From Jensen's two-level theory of mental abilities (Level I: rote learning and memory; Level II: complex cognitive processing) it was predicted that forward digit span (F1JS) should correlate less with IQ than backward digit span (BDS), and age and race should interact with FDS-BDS, with the FDS-BDS difference decreasing as a junction of age and a greater white-black difference in BDS than in F...

Sedentarism is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of employing standing desks in classrooms on cognitive function. The intervention class (IG; n = 19) was supplied with standing desks and balance pads for 11 weeks. The control class (CG; n = 19) received lessons as usual. Standing time was assessed objectively (accelerometers) ...

In order to determine whether the central organismic variable of stimulus trace theory, i.e., neural integrity (ni), was more closely related to MA or IQ, comparisons were made between digit span performance of groups who were matched on either MA or CA but who differed in IQ. Differences were found between normal, borderline, and retarded IQ groups matched on CA, but not between those matched ...

Forgetting during recall may be one limit on memory span. Output time and accuracy of immediate serial recall using spoken and keypress responses were measured for digit, letter, and word sets approximately matched in phonemic discriminability and in immediate recognition memory. Nonetheless, the materials differed from one another in recall span, in output time during recall, and in pronunciat...

Behavioral measures of risky decision making are frequently used by researchers and clinicians; however, most of these measures are strongly associated with personality characteristics and state mood. The present study sought to examine personality, mood, and executive function predictors of performance on a newer measure of decision making, the Columbia Card Task (CCT). Participants were 489 u...

This study investigated whether deafness contributes to enhancement of visual spatial cognition independent of knowledge of a sign language. Congenitally deaf school children in India who were born to hearing parents and were not exposed to any sign language, and matched hearing controls, were given a test of digit span and five tests that measured visual spatial skills. The deaf group showed s...

Sixty two consecutive patients admitted to hospital and surviving 6 months were tested regularly over the first 3 months after their stroke to plot recovery in three aspects of cognition: visual neglect, assessed using a cancellation task, attention span assessed using digit span, and verbal recall, tested by counting number of words remembered from a list of 10 words. Normative data were colle...