Aims: To measure the microhardness of root canal dentin using two types of irrigating solutions( 0.2% Chlorhexidine and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) with and with out use of different types of root canal files (Stainless Steel-K files, Nickel-Titanium K-files or rotary Nickel-Titanium files). Materials & methods: The teeth divided in to four groups according to the type of irrigating solutions th...

Knowledge and understanding of the root canal anatomy is fundamental in achieving the successful endodontic treatment outcome. Occurrence of variations in root canal anatomy is common and frequency may vary according to population. This paper discusses a clinical report of root canal therapy in a permanent mandibular first molar and emphasizes the importance of magnification for the assessment,...

diabetes: Not only is every digestive organ potentially affected by diabetes, but the liver and exocrine pancreas may also have a modulating if not causal role in the development of diabetes. Physiological abnormalities associated with diabetes have been described in every part of the digestive tract where measurements can be made. This chapter focuses on the relationships between diabetes and ...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional radiography in determining the working length of dilacerated canals.Methods: Thirty nine human extracted single-rooted teeth with root curvature more than 35 degrees were included in this study. After access preparation, a file was inserted into the canal and advanced until the file tip was visualized at the foramen. Wi...

Mandibular premolars usually have a single root and canal. Complex root canal system with atypical variations is a common finding among them. Failure to identify such a one can affect the prognosis of endodontic treatment. Apart from knowledge and sophisticated instruments, a good clinical expertise is required in identifying, tracing and treating such a root canal system. This case report is o...

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the superior semicircular canal is a rare form of BPPV. It accounts for 1% to 3% of cases. The characteristic nystagmus is positional, down-beating, with a torsional component elicited by the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Symptoms of superior semicircular canal BPPV often resolve spontaneously; however, it can be refractory to repositioning maneuvers. Surgical m...

The main objective of endodontic therapy is the thorough mechanical and chemical cleansing of the entire root canal system and its complete obturation with an inert filling material. Failure to find and fill a canal contributes toward the failure of endodontic therapy .The root canal anatomy of mandibular first molars is complex. Studies of the morphologic structure of root canal systems hav...