Motivated by a wide range of real-world problems whose solutions exhibit boundary and interior layers, the numerical analysis discretizations singularly perturbed differential equations is an established subdiscipline within study approximation to equations. Consequently, much known about how accurately stably discretize such on priori adapted meshes in order properly resolve layer structure pr...

Sustained current generation by anodic biofilms is a key element for the longevity and success of bioelectrochemical systems. Over time, however, inactive or dead cells can accumulate within the anode biofilm, which can be particularly detrimental to current generation. Mixed and pure culture (Geobacter anodireducens) biofilms were examined here relative to changes in electrochemical properties...

This work develops a one-dimensional model of an alkaline anion-exchange membrane direct glycerol fuel cell (AEM-DGFC) for cogeneration of tartronate and electricity. The model is validated against steady state and dynamic experiments, and shows good agreement. Steady state modeling includes anode and cathode losses and predicts the single cell polarization and power density curves. Coupled mas...

A low cost poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) phase inversion coating was developed as a cathode diffusion layer to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). A maximum power density of 1430 ± 90 mWm 2 was achieved at a PVDF-HFP loading of 4.4 mg cm 2 (4:1 polymer:carbon black), with activated carbon as the oxygen reduction cathode catalyst. This power dens...

At the initial stage of surfactant adsorption (when the layer is relatively diluted), the kinetics may be dominated by factors related to the transfer of molecules through the subsurface region and onto the interface. We consider two independent physical effects: (1) diffusion through a subsurface layer with nanometer thickness, where structuring or molecular interactions can impose substantial...

A quasielastic neutron scattering experiment has revealed the dynamics of surface water in a high surface area zirconium oxide in the temperature range of 300-360 K. The characteristic times of the rotational (picoseconds) and translational (tens of picoseconds) components of diffusion motion are well separated. The rotational correlation time shows an Arrhenius-type behavior with an activation...

We have investigated the possibility of determining the optical coefficients of muscle in the extremities with in vivo time-resolved reflectance measurements using a layered model. A solution of the diffusion equation for two layers was fitted to three-layered Monte Carlo calculations simulating the skin, the subcutaneous fat and the muscle. Relative time-resolved reflectance data at two distan...