the role of opioid receptor and voltage dependent calcium channels on the kindling induced by the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (ptz) were investigated in the rats. experiment involved 24 rats which were divided into four groups. kindling was established with ptz in subconvulsive dose (37.5 mg/kg i.p.) every 48 h and effects were observed within 20 min using five-point scoring system. all anima...

In vertebrate skeletal muscle, the voltage-dependent mechanism of rapid sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, commonly referred to as excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, is believed to be mediated by physical interaction between the transverse (T)-tubule voltage-sensing dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and the SR ryanodine receptor (RyR)/Ca2+ release channel. In this study, differential T-...

This thesis describes the circuit level design of a 900MHz EA ring oscillator based phase-locked loop using 0.35um technology. Multiple phase noise theories are considered giving insight into low phase-noise voltage controlled oscillator design. The circuit utilizes a fully symmetric differential voltage controlled oscillator with cascode current starved inverters to reduces current noise. A co...

A multiplexer is a unidirectional device and used in any application in which data must be switched from multiple sources to a destination. The low power circuits have become a top priority in modern VLSI design. This paper presents the power consumption comparisons and delay of various designs of 2:1 Multiplexer. The various logic styles such as Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (DCVSL...

In this paper we present an ultra low-voltage and high speed D flip-flop. The flip-flop has an increased current level compared to standard CMOS circuits operating at low supply voltages. The increased current level is obtained by using a synchronized capacitive coupling to a semi floating-gate. The delay of the static differential flip-flop presented is less than 12% compared to conventional d...

We study the differential conductance, spectral density and magnetization, for a quantum dot coupled to two conducting leads as a function of bias voltage Vds, magnetic field B and temperature T . The system is modeled with the Anderson model solved using a spin dependent interpolative perturbative approximation in the Coulomb repulsion U that conserves the current. For large enough magnetic fi...

This paper proposes a Flash Analog to Digital Convsrter design based on the use of a Quantized Differential Comparator. The formulation explores the use of a systematically incorporated input offset voltage in a differential amplifier for quantizing the reference voltages necessary for Flash ADC architectures, thus eliminating the need for a passive resistor array for the purpose. This work is ...

abstract: one the most important problems in recent sensitive loads is the quality of voltage. for this challenge custom power devices are used in distribution systems. dynamic voltage restorer (dvr) is a custom power device that improves voltage, decrease power distortion, filter harmonics and balance distributed generations (dgs) with low voltage distribution system. in this paper, a new algo...