This paper provides an overview on the impacts of food aid. We consider its effects on consumption, nutrition, food markets and labour supply, as well as the extent to which it exacerbates or mitigates conflict. We also consider the comparative evidence on alternatives to food aid including evidence on cost, impact, relative risks and beneficiary preferences. We note that there are two large ga...

We consider agents who choose by proceeding through an ordered list of criteria and give the lower bound on the number of criteria that are needed for an agent to make decisions that obey a given set of preference rankings. Agents with rational preferences can always use lists with the lower-bound number of criteria while any agent with nonrational preferences must on some domains use strictly ...

The paper discusses the significance of factors in anaphora resolution and on the basis of a comparative study argues that what matters is not only a good set of reliable factors but also the strategy for their application. The objective of the study was to find out how well the same set of factors worked within two different computational strategies. To this end, we tuned two anaphora resoluti...

To examine whether age influences taste solution preferences, we measured taste preferences of C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ mice given a series of 48-h 2-bottle tests with a choice between water and one of the following taste solutions: 2 mM saccharin, 5 mM citric acid, 30 microM quinine hydrochloride, 75 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 10 mM inosine monophosphate (IMP), 50 mM calcium chloride (CaCl(2)), ...

Due to the ever-increasing amount of various information provided by internet, recommendation systems are now used in a large number fields as efficient tools get rid overload. The content-based, collaborative-based and hybrid methods three classical techniques, whereas not all real-world problems (e.g. food problem) can be best addressed such techniques. This paper is devoted solving problem b...

this study was intended first to categorize the l2 learners in terms of their learning style preferences and second to investigate if their learning preferences are related to lexical inferencing. moreover, strategies used for lexical inferencing and text related issues of text density and parts of speech were studied to determine their moderating effects and the best predictors of lexical infe...

this paper presents a new approach for assessing agricultural landscapes based on mixturemethods and the study and definition of aesthetic attributes as lines, forms, texture, spatial composition, scaleand color as they are the closest to human perceptual aesthetic attributes. a set of variables capable ofquantifying those attributes in a simple, objective and systematized way will be proposed....

Many countries are facing a challenging transition toward more sustainable energy systems, which produce more renewables and consume less energy. The latter goal can only be achieved through a combination of efficiency measures and changes in people’s lifestyles and routine behaviors (i.e., sufficiency). While research has shown that acceptance of technical efficiency is relatively high, there ...