Dielectrics and dielectric properties are defined generally and dielectric measurement methods and equipment are described for various frequency ranges from audio frequencies through microwave frequencies. These include impedance and admittance bridges, resonant frequency, transmission-line, and free-space methods in the frequency domain and time-domain and broadband techniques. Many references...

This contribution presents a dielectric spectroscopy study in which four different devices in combination with five different probes were used in order to measure the complex effective relative permittivity of a fine-grained soil in a frequency range from 1 MHz to 40 GHz. Subsequently, the dielectric measurements were combined to obtain a permittivity curve over the entire frequency range. Meas...

The combinatorial frequency generation (CFG) in active periodic semiconductor-dielectric structures has been explored through illumination by a pair of pump waves with dissimilar frequencies and incidence angles. We study the influence of gain on linear refraction properties of the stack and on the efficiency of the mixing processes by the system with the resistive character of nonlinearity. We...

We studied the response of high-resistivity MOS CCDs to monochromatic X-ray illumination at energies ranging from 1.47 to 5.9 keV and discovered a new feature in the low-energy tail of the response function. We attribute it to the photons interacting in the gate insulator and explain the shape of the entire low-energy tail assuming that it is formed by electron charge clouds partially formed in...

In the past years quasi-conformal mapping has been generally used to design broadband electromagnetic cloaks. However, this technique has some inherit practical limitations such as the lateral beam shift, rendering the device visible or difficult to hide a large object. In this work we circumvent these issues by using strict conformal mapping to build the first isotropic cloak. Microwave near-f...

BACKGROUND Early suppression of disease activity in (rheumatoid) arthritis (RA) patients may result in drug-free remission and prevent damage. We assessed 2-year clinical and radiological outcomes of two disease activity score (DAS)-remission-steered treatment strategies in early arthritis patients. METHODS Patients (n = 610) with early RA or undifferentiated arthritis (UA) were treated with ...

We show that in the stationary M/G/1 queue, if the service time distribution is with increasing (decreasing) failure rate (IFR (DFR)), then (a) The distribution of the number of customers in the system is also IFR (DFR), (b) The conditional distribution of the remaining service time given the number of customers in the system is also IFR (DFR) and (c) The conditional distribution of the remaini...

Methods are described to implement dielectric spectroscopy ~frequency range 10 –10 Hz) within a surface forces apparatus by using as electrodes silver sheets on the backside of mica. These methods are applied to study the competitive effects of surface alignment, confinement, and shear field on 5CB ~5-cyanobiphenyl!, a nematic liquid crystal at the experimental temperature of 25 °C. In the plan...