BACKGROUND To establish zebrafish as a developmental toxicity model, we used 7 well-characterized compounds to examine several parameters of neurotoxicity during development. METHODS Embryos were exposed by semistatic immersion from 6 hrs postfertilization (hpf). Teratogenicity was assessed using a modified method previously developed by Phylonix. Dying cells in the brain were assessed by acr...

Seven pairs of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) pups and their dams were sampled during the late weaning season among a breeding population of seals on Elephant Island in Antarctica. The blubber of the pups and the milk and blubber of their dams were analyzed for lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs and organochlorines compounds in order to evaluate the lactational transfer of thes...

The findings of a diagnostic blood test for the presence of hexachloro-epoxy-octahydrodimethanonaphthalene (H.E.O.D.) performed on whole blood obtained from operatives of plants manufacturing two chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, aldrin and dieldrin, and formulating products containing them and from dogs experimentally exposed to dieldrin have been reported. When clinical signs of poisoning...

BACKGROUND Organochlorine (OC) pesticides are a group of environmental endocrine disruptors that may be associated with an increased risk for hormone-related cancers including cancers of the breast and prostate. However, epidemiologic evidence is limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine associations bet...

This study aimed to carry out a malaria situation analysis, species composition and susceptibility levels of the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, to different insecticides in Bashagard. A longitudinal survey was conducted in 2 randomly selected villages in Bashagard. Malaria vectors were sampled by dipping method for the larvae and hand catch, night-biting catch, total catch, and shelt...

Strategies to manage resistance to a particular insecticide have usually been devised after resistance has evolved. If it were possible to predict likely resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides before they evolved in the field, it might be feasible to have programmes that manage susceptibility. With this approach in mind, single-gene variants of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina...

Pure water has been used to dechlorinate aliphatic organics without the need for catalysts or other additives. Dehydrohalogenation (loss of HCI with the formation of a double bond) occurred at temperatures as low as 105-200 degrees C for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer), and dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahy...

The involvement of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase (both at 0.1 mg/ml) in defence against the genotoxicity of phosphamidon (80 microg/ml) and dieldrin (25 microM) was investigated in order to demonstrate that the two pesticides damage DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species and therefore of oxidative stress. The pesticide genotoxicity was determined by ...