Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae) is native to Japan where it is an innocuous inhabitant of Tsuga diversifolia Masters and T. sieboldii Carriere. Native populations of this insect are regulated by host resistance and natural enemies. However, introduced populations in eastern North America attain damaging levels on T. canadensis (L.) Carriere and T. carolinian...

Abstract Background Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché) is a major pest of cactus pear species worldwide. Over the past three years, this scale insect has seen increasing interest regarding its spread and importance, as well efficacy primary parasitoids Aphytis debachi Azim, Plagiomerus diaspidis Crawford, biocontrol agents. Infestation plants by D. parasitism rates two were evaluated in fields Zemamr...