Lung abscesses are usually caused by anaerobic or mixed bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract. Conservative treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is established as the therapy of choice for most patients, with 80-95% responding to antimicrobial therapy. Conservative management failure, manifested by sepsis persistence and/or abscess complications, requires drainage with invasiv...

This issue of Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation (N2) incorporates exciting studies on the biology of immunologic and inflammatory biomarkers and the importance of knowing the benefits and complications of targeted therapies. In addition, the issue includes several clinically relevant reports on viral and autoimmune encephalitis. The concept of precision medicine, recently re-enhanc...

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe form of glaucoma with devastating visual outcome attributed to new blood vessels obstructing aqueous humor outflow, usually secondary to widespread posterior segment ischemia. Invasion of the anterior chamber by a fibrovascular membrane initially obstructs aqueous outflow in an open-angle fashion and later contracts to produce secondary synechial angle-clo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiac involvement is frequent in systemic amyloidosis and is the most important determinant of the clinical outcome. The aims of this study were to assess the incidence and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis and discuss the diagnostic issues related to cardiac amyloidosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied all patients diagnosed with systemic amyloidosi...

Background: Metformin intoxication can potentially originate a lactic acidosis of variable severity, but possibly fatal, diagnosis and prompt treatment of which are crucial. The difficulty in establishing a clear cause and effect relationship arises from the multitude of biologic actions exerted by metformin. Objective: Review of literature in order to compile the current knowledge regarding th...

Amyloidosis is uncommon, with age-adjusted incidences of between 6.1 and 10.5 per million person-years,[1] and an estimated 1275 to 3200 new cases occurring annually in the United States.[1, 2] The contemporary understanding of amyloidosis points to a group of complex sys‐ temic disorders involving the extracellular deposition of misfolded proteinaceous material in many organs, most commonly th...

Prostate cancer is more common in the western countries, least common in Asia, and the leading cause of cancer deaths in males worldwide. Individuals who have first-degree family members with prostate cancer have double the risk of getting disease. Risk factors for prostate cancer include familyhistory,genetics,diet, medication, infectious disease and sexual factors. Published animal research s...

Endogenous endophthalmitis is an ophthalmic emergency that can have severe sight-threatening complications. It is often a diagnostic challenge because it can manifest at any age and is associated with a number of underlying predisposing factors. Microorganisms associated with this condition vary along a broad spectrum. Depending upon the severity of the disease, both medical and surgical interv...