OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical and demographic data of childhood-onset (12 years and younger) schizophrenia patients collected for a genetic study in schizophrenia, undertaken nationally in South Africa, using multiple parameters. METHOD Patients with an onset of schizophrenia at 12 years or younger, were included. From the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), patients' information...

0 Introduction The canonical word order of English is generally taken to be SVO, where S and O are assumed to be lexical, i.e., non-pronominal (cf. Lambrecht 1987), as in (1) below. 2 (1) The news coverage showed all the, you know, the guys who didn't get hurt coming home. In the example in 1 we see that the lexical NP the news coverage is the subject of the sentence. While this sentence looks ...

The present study aimed at investigating visual distraction in a serial, multi-deviant oddball paradigm with deviant stimuli occurring regularly (every third trial), having a larger overall probability (1/3), and low dimension-specific probability (1/9). Participants performed a categorization task (odd/even) on centrally presented digits. Task-irrelevant geometrical forms were presented concur...

Our goal was to examine the role of adolescent perceived deviant peer affiliation in mediating or moderating the association between adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and young adult driving risk in females with and without ADHD. The overall sample included 228 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse girls with or without a diagnosis of ADHD in childhood (Wave...

We studied the effect of attention on the processing of auditory sensory inputs by means of the mismatch negativity (MMN) potential, which can be derived from event-related EEG. A series of frequent standard and rare deviant auditory stimuli were presented to 20 healthy subjects in two recording sessions about five weeks apart. Deviant stimuli were either low or highly deviant as compared to th...

This study tested Agnew's (1992) general strain theory (GST) of delinquency and crime. GST predicts that strain has an increasing effect on delinquency, and that the effect of strain is conditional upon several variables, including delinquent peers. I analyzed longitudinal data of 87 Japanese college students' deviant behavior in a classroom with a one-week interval, using Ordinary Least Square...

The capacity of the human brain to detect deviance in the acoustic environment pre-attentively is reflected in a brain event-related potential (ERP), mismatch negativity (MMN). MMN is observed in response to the presentation of rare oddball sounds that deviate from an otherwise regular pattern of frequent background standard sounds. While the primate and cat auditory cortex (AC) exhibit MMN-lik...

BACKGROUND Three different explanations have been given for the observation that adolescent gang members report more delinquent behaviour than their counterparts who do not affiliate with gangs: a) adolescents who commit more crimes join gangs (selection hypothesis); b) gang membership facilitates deviant behaviour (facilitation hypothesis); c) selection and facilitation work interactively (enh...

This study investigated the functional significance of the N2 response to novel stimuli. In one condition, background, target, and deviant stimuli were simple geometric figures. In a second condition, all stimulus types were unfamiliar/unusual figures. In a third condition, background and target stimuli were unusual figures and deviant stimuli were simple shapes. Unusual figures, whether they w...

OBJECTIVE Food stimuli are omnipresent and naturally primary reinforcing stimuli. One explanation for the intake of high amounts of food in binge eating disorder (BED) is a deviant valuation process. Valuation of food stimuli is supposed to influence approach or avoidance behaviour towards food. Focusing on self-reported and indirect (facial electromyography) valuation process, motivational asp...