foreign language education policy (flep) needs to be understood as part of broader educational policies and as situated within overarching social macro plans. in this paper, based on a conception of policy as distinct from goals and objectives, and with a view of the relevant literature, we will present some theoretical guidelines of setting and/or evaluating foreign language education policies...

this paper highlights the strategic role of regional and national policies for digital libraries and archives in promoting access to knowledge for development in africa.  it views regional/national information policies as general frameworks and contexts within which policies for digital libraries and archives are situated.  it, however, recognizes the need to highlight the latter as instrument ...

this article is aimed at finding out the reasons and causes of development of sino – iranian economic and commercial relations during 1979-1999. it is argued that despite different ideologies and political systems, beijing and tehran have managed to expand the bilateral relations successfully. this has been done through adopting pragmatic foreign policies by two countries.

in this paper we first describe the stochastic optimal control algorithm called ((optcon)). the algorithm minimizes an intertemporal objective loss function subject to a nonlinear dynamic system in order to achieve optimal value of control (or instrument) variables. second as an application, we implemented the algorithm by the statistical programming system ((gauss)) to determine the optimal fi...