agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. about 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. for this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if oecd member countries reformed their agricultural policies. the issu...

Abstract The present study aimed to develop a tool for assessing water service sustainability in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. This is called the ‘Water Service Assessment Tool’ (WaSAT) and based on Water Sustainability Index (WSSI) which consists 21 indicators grouped into six dimensions (economic, environmental, social, technical, institutional, governance). WaSAT was developed using Mic...

From an environmentally conscious and ecological perspective, the sustainability of cities within effects climate change are closely related to wise use resources modifications in status environment. In terms environment, smart entails meeting present future societal demands for environment water, land, air, among others. Environmental concerns that arise from rapid monetary developments shown ...