The advent of semiconductor detectors has revolutionized the broad field of X-ray spectroscopy. Semiconductor detectors, originally developed for particle physics, are now widely used for X-ray spectroscopy in a large variety of fields, as X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray astronomy and diagnostic medicine. The success of semiconductor detectors is due to several unique properties that are not...

& In an HPLC system the detector is the component responsible for turning a physical or chemical attribute into a measureable signal corresponding to concentration or identity. In the early days of HPLC, detection was often carried out by collecting fractions and analyzing them off-line. It wasn’t until the 1940’s and 1950’s that the first online detectors for HPLC were introduced. Certainly an...

Solid-state neutron detectors utilize latest advancement in semiconductors for development of efficient and economical neutron detectors. The recent shortage and price increase of He-3 resulted in more incentive to reach maturity of this technology and enable replacement of gas based neutron detectors. Solid state neutron detectors provide important advantages over current neutron detectors suc...

Dose-response curves relating the external stimulus concentration to receptor occupancy differ in two types of chemoreceptor organs. In 'concentration detectors' the receptor molecules at the receptor cell membrane are directly exposed to the external stimulus concentration; these organs exhibit the well-known hyperbolic dose-response relationship reflecting the association-dissociation of stim...

The responses relative to an air background of carbon black/polymer composite vapor detectors have been determined as a function of the concentration of a homologous series of alcohols (n-CnH2n+1OH, 1 < or = n < or = 8), a homologous series of alkanes (n-CnH2n+2, 5 < or = n < or = 10 and n = 12, 14), and a set of diverse solvent vapors. In all cases, the steady-state relative differential resis...

Dynamic, flat-panel, solid-state, x-ray image detectors for use in digital fluoroscopy and fluorography emerged at the turn of the millennium. This new generation of dynamic detectors utilize a thin layer of x-ray absorptive material superimposed upon an electronic active matrix array fabricated in a film of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). Dynamic solid-state detectors come in two basi...

One of the most fundamental features of digital image and the basic steps in image processing, analysis, pattern recognition and computer vision is the edge of an image where the preciseness and reliability of its results will affect directly on the comprehension machine system made objective world. Several edge detectors have been developed in the past decades, although no single edge detector...

CONTEXT Seventy percent of U.S. residential fire deaths occur in homes without a working smoke detector. To help prevent residential fire deaths, many programs have distributed or installed detectors in unprotected homes. Because persons receiving a detector may not install it and because detector batteries require annual replacement, the enduring effectiveness of these programs may be question...

Gamma-ray imaging with position-sensitive germanium detectors offers the advantages of excellent energy resolution, high detection efficiency, and potentially good spatial resolution. The development of the amorphous-semiconductor electrical contact technology for germanium detectors has simplified the production of these position-sensitive detectors and has made possible the use of unique dete...