This paper examines the properties that a risk measure should satisfy in order to characterize an investor’s preferences. In particular, we propose some intuitive and realistic examples that describe several desirable features of an ideal risk measure. This analysis is the first step in understanding how to classify an investor’s risk. Risk is an asymmetric, relative, heteroskedastic, multidime...

Noninvasive ventilation has been available for over 100 years. In the past 25 years, relatively lightweight, portable ventilators and comfortable interfaces have become available that have allowed for full-time noninvasive ventilation. In motivated individuals who have access to centers with expertise in nocturnal and diurnal ventilation, continuous noninvasive ventilation is quite feasible. Th...

One research tradition has distinguished self-deception, the tendency to give favorably biased but honestly held self-descriptions from impression management, the tendency to give favorable selfdescriptions to others. A 2nd tradition has distinguished enhancement, the claiming of positive attributes, from denial, the repudiation of negative attributes. The 2 distinctions were evaluated jointly ...

We define extended conflict free dependencies in the context of functional and multivalued dependencies; and prove that there exists an acyclic, dependency preserving, 4NF database scheme if and only if the given set of dependencies has an extended conflict free cover. This condition can be checked in polynomial time. A polynomial time algorithm to obtain such a scheme for a given extended conf...

The TRAINS-96 system does not explicitly represent initiative, yet it is clearly a mixed-initiative system. As we move toward commercializing efforts in discourse systems, it is important to remember that having a system make inferences that could otherwise have been "compiled away" can lead to slow response time. This paper is a statement of need for a taxonomy of domains for various features ...

It has been shown that a monopolist can use advance selling to increase profits. This paper documents that this may not hold when a firm faces competition. With advance selling a firm offers its service in an advance period, before consumers know their valuations for the firms’ services, or later on in a spot period, when consumers know their valuations. We identify two ways in which competitio...

The Knowledge Management (KM) is a recent discipline that was born under the idea of explicitly managing the whole existing knowledge of a given organisation (Wiig, 1995) (Wiig et al., 1997). More specifically, the KM involves providing the people concerned with the right information and knowledge at the most suitable level for them, when and how best suit them; in such way, these people will h...

Sets of desirable gambles constitute a quite general type of uncertainty model with an interesting geometrical interpretation. We give a general discussion of such models and their rationality criteria. We study exchangeability assessments for them, and prove counterparts of de Finetti’s finite and infinite representation theorems. We show that the finite representation in terms of count vector...

We propose seven desirable properties for artificial learning systems, namely: incrementality, nonmonotonicity, inconsistency and conflicting defaults handling, abstraction, self-organization, generalization, and computational tractability. This proposed set of properties is not claimed to be complete, nor does it imply that all properties must necessarily be present in all learning models. Rat...

When modelling travel times and traffic flows varying over time on traffic networks it is desirable that the travel times should satisfy certain properties. This paper investigates these properties and their interrelationships, in particular, uniqueness and continuity, first-in-first-out (FIFO), causality and time-flow consistency, while assuming a single traffic type. For generality we investi...