Normative theories of urban design deal with the question of how to create the best urban environment, or, as Lynch (1981) puts it, Ôhow to know a good city when you see oneÕ. However, what is best is a question of values as well as how cities are conceptualized in terms of what they are for. For some, the most important aspect of a city may be its aesthetic qualities. Although aesthetics may b...

The historical shift towards a scientific revolution after the eighteenth century in Europe has discarded societal and cultural folklore from its dictionary of knowledge. The Oxford Dictionary defines science as “the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment” (2017). Th...

Successful aging takes on an array of attributes, including optimal health and community participation. Research indicates that (1) persons with disabilities, including age-related disabilities, report frequent barriers to community participation, including unsuitable building design (43%), transportation (32%), and sidewalks/curbs (31%), and (2) many seniors report an inability to cross roads ...