Abstract Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property varying electrical resistance during transformation enabling to be positioned sensing element. The major challenge instrument SMA wires suppress wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection two important fa...

Vygotsky posed a variety of meaningful ideas for education in his short life. This paper focuses on everyday concepts and mathematical concepts or scientific concepts from his theory, reorganizing these ideas according to a new idea of sublated concepts. Using a series of interviews from a third grade fraction class in Japan, the paper discusses how everyday and mathematical concepts arise out ...

1) The facility with numbers and calculations, 2) The art of avoiding unnecessary calculations, 3) Memorizing formulas and theorems, 4) Understanding and finding proofs, 5) Solving problems with well-described procedures, 6) Solving problems for which there are no well-described procedures, 7) Understanding abstract mathematical concepts, 8) Creating new mathematical concepts, and clarifying an...

This mixed-methods study investigates the effects of student attitudes and behaviours on the outcomes of learning mathematics with computer tools. A computer tool was used to help students develop the mathematical concept of function. In the whole sample (N = 521), student attitudes could account for a 3.4 point difference in test scores between individuals on a 10-point scale. General attitude...