The theory of shock acceleration predicts the maximum particle energy to be limited only by the acceleration time and the size (geometry) of the shock. This led to optimistic estimates for the galactic cosmic ray energy achievable in the SNR shocks. The estimates imply that the accelerated particles, while making no strong impact on the shock structure (test particle approach) are nevertheless ...

The theory of shock acceleration predicts the maximum particle energy to be limited only by the acceleration time and the size (geometry) of the shock. This led to optimistic estimates for the galactic cosmic-ray energy achievable in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks. The estimates imply that the accelerated particles, while making no strong impact on the shock structure (test-particle approach), ...

Although of prime ecological relevance, acceleration capacity is a poorly understood locomotor performance trait in terrestrial vertebrates. No empirical data exist on which design characteristics determine acceleration capacity among species and whether these design traits influence other aspects of locomotor performance. In this study we explore how acceleration capacity and sprint speed have...

Tianjin new coastal area has a large of soft soil with high salinity and humidity. This kind foundation unique spectral characteristics amplification effect on ground motion, which is deep factor to increase earthquake damage. Based the geotechnical data coastal, we established simplified calculation model adopted nonlinear method study seismic spectrum three typical different thickness in area...

This paper examines the AP-to-ECM interfaces of five vehicles equipped with electronic throttle control systems. All five vehicles employ simple voltage level sensing from two or three sensors in the accelerator pedal assembly. The purpose of the study is to identify any differences in the AP-to-ECM interfaces of vehicles with high reported rates of unintended acceleration compared to vehicles ...

OBJECTIVE To characterize rates of regional Alzheimer disease (AD)-specific brain atrophy across the presymptomatic, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stages. DESIGN Multicenter case-control study of neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and cognitive test score data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. SETTING Research centers across the United States and Canada. PATI...

In this paper a nonlinear quarter car suspension-seat-driver model was implemented for optimum design. A nonlinear quarter car model comprising of quadratic tyre stiffness and cubic stiffness in suspension spring, frame, and seat cushion with 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) driver model was presented for optimization and analysis. Suspension system was aimed to optimize the comfort and health criter...

It seems that new WMAP data require a fit with a primordial spectrum containing small negative tilt index in addition to the featureless Harrison-Zeljdovič-Peebles spectrum thus implying a broken scale invariance. We show that the data could be otherwise interpreted by a scale invariant primordial spectrum with the scale noninvariant evolution of density contrast using the Press-Schechter forma...

We solve the design spectrum problem for all theta graphs with 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 edges.

Multidimensional magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations coupled with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) adapted to test particle acceleration and transport in complex astrophysical flows are presented. The numerical scheme allows the investigation of shock acceleration, adiabatic and radiative losses as well as diffusive spatial transport in various diffusion regimes. The applicability ...