Control While many intervention techniques have been developed and applied with varying degrees of success, it remains clear that a comprehensive method for tick control still needs to be realised, especially for resource­constrained farmers. Conventional methods involve the use of commercial acaricides under intense dipping program­ mes. In Zimbabwe, the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)...

We present a novel approach to constraintbased causal discovery, that takes the form of straightforward logical inference, applied to a list of simple, logical statements about causal relations that are derived directly from observed (in)dependencies. It is both sound and complete, in the sense that all invariant features of the corresponding partial ancestral graph (PAG) are identified, even i...

This paper improves several well-known results concerning the descriptional complexity of grammars regulated by context conditions. Specifically, it proves that every recursively enumerable language is generated (A) by a context-conditional grammar of degree (2, 1) with no more than seven conditional productions and eight nonterminals, (B) by a generalized forbidding grammar of degree two with ...