Optimal placement of sensors based on different criteria viz., precision, reliability, cost, and fault unobservability has been an important area of research in the last few years. Most of the sensor location problems proposed in literature have been solved either using graph theoretic approaches or conventional mathematical optimization techniques. However, these techniques have not been able ...

Any quantum theory of gravity which treats the gravitational constant as a dynamical variable has to address the issue of superpositions of states corresponding to different eigenvalues. We show how the unobservability of such superpositions can be explained through the interaction with other gravitational degrees of freedom (decoherence). The formal framework is canonically quantized Jordan-Br...

The finite-sample effect on the growth of moments of the perturbation observed in numerical simulations of chaotic dynamical systems is studied. To numerically estimate the moments, only a limited number of sample trajectories can be utilized, and therefore the moments exhibit pure exponential growth only initially, and give way to relaxed growth thereafter. Such transition is a consequence of ...

A dual implementation of the Kalman filter is proposed for estimating the unknown input and states of a linear state-space model by using sparse noisy acceleration measurements. The successive structure of the suggested filter prevents numerical issues attributed to unobservability and rank deficiency of the augmented formulation of the problem. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed method...

It is well understood that the huge volumes of data captured in recent years have the potential to underpin significant research developments in many fields. But, to realise these benefits, all relevant parties must be comfortable with how this data is shared. At the heart of this is the notion of privacy — which is recognised as being somewhat difficult to define. Previous authors have shown h...

This paper focuses on case acquisition strategies in the context of Case-based Learning from Observation (CBLfO). In Learning from Observation (LfO), a system learns behaviors by observing an expert rather than being explicitly programmed. Specifically, we focus on the problem of learning behaviors from experts that reason using internal state information, that is, information that can not be d...

the depth control systems used in iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. in this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. by using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. the control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a programmable l...

objectives this study aimed to examine the relationship between patients’ anthropometric characteristics and depth of spinal needle insertion to the subarachnoid cavity. patients and methods 385 patients with asa class i – ii, aged 18 - 65 years and undergoing elective surgery of the lower abdomen and extremities under spinal anesthesia, were selected for this cross-sectional study. the patient...