Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% to 90% of primary liver cancers. Major risk factors for HCC include infection with HBV or HCV, alcoholic liver disease, and most probably nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In general, men are two to four times more often associated w...

Estradiol (E2), estrone (El ) , progesterone, LH and prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in blood plasma samples from parous ewes treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) or melengestrol acetate (MGA) orally, with MAP by intravaginal sponge, or progesterone by intramuscular injection. Treatment was begun on Day 10 of the estrous cycle and continued for 14 days. Bl...

The objective of this study is to evaluate and elucidated the potential of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) to be an effective emergency contraception (EC). The data are extracted from the literature through the MEDLINE database service from 2000-2010. The SPRMs are in fact progesterone receptor ligands that could bind to progesterone receptor (PR) and exert antagonistic, agon...

BACKGROUND Coordinated differentiation of the endometrial compartments in the second half of the menstrual cycle is a prerequisite for the establishment of pregnancy. Endometrial stromal cells (ESC) decidualize under the influence of ovarian progesterone to accommodate implantation of the blastocyst and support establishment of the placenta. Studies into the mechanisms of decidualization are of...

Contraception has become critical in managing zoo populations, both to limit production of surplus animals and to promote genetic health. One role of the Contraception Advisory Group, formed in 1989, is to coordinate research to develop new contraceptive methods. Because melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants, which have been used by zoos for almost 20 years, recently have been associated with ute...

IN repository corticotherapy a quantity of long-acting steroid is placed directly into the tissues; in ophthalmology, by reason of the delicacy of the tissues concerned, the steroid preparation used must not cause any damage when it is forced into the tissues, or later, and at the same time must retain its potency throughout the period of absorption. It is claimed by the manufacturers that Depo...

We describe the case of a 65-year-old patient with glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Pain was triggered by swallowing, yawning, or cold food. We used the anterior tonsillar pillar method for the injection of drugs; a relatively new glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN) block which was described by Benumof (Anesthesiology 1991;75:1094-1096). Performing this GPN block, daily levobupivacaine (Chirocaine® 5 mg/ml...

Parous ewes were treated orally with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) or melengestrol acetate (MGA), subcutaneously with progesterone, or intra-vaginally with MAP, MGA or progesterone. Treatment was begun on day 8 of an estrous cycle and continued for 17 days. When the ewes were in estrus after progestagen withdrawal, they were inseminated artitlcally and their vulvo-vaginal junctions were lig...

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign uterine tumours. Clinical symptoms include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pressure, pelvic pain, infertility and obstetric complications. Approximately one third of women with fibroids will require treatment. The management also depends on the number, size, and location of the fibroids. There are surgical and non-surgical treatment options. The choice of t...

Although cortisone acetate is approved worldwide as corticosteroid substitution therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency), its effectiveness is uncertain since its biologic activity depends on activation by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). We sought to compare the effect of cortisone acetate with that of hydrocortisone. In 10 patients with congenital adren...