BACKGROUND The accurate and reliable measurement of foot bone density is challenging and there is currently no gold standard technique. Such measurement is particularly valuable in populations at risk of foot bone pathology such as in those with long term diabetes. With research and development, computed tomography may prove to be a useful tool for this assessment. The aim of this study was to ...

Systematic errors larger than 10 dB can occur in the measurement of the spectral density of phase unless considerable caution is exercised. Some potential problems due to the shape of the analyzer passband and the Fourier frequency dependence of mixers are discussed. Three measurement systems are analyzed to determine the conditions under which they may be used to make spectral density measurem...

It has recently been argued that the observed ellipticities of galaxies may be determined at least in part by the primordial tidal gravitational field in which the galaxy formed. Long-range correlations in the tidal field could thus lead to an ellipticity-ellipticity correlation for widely separated galaxies. I present results of a calculation of the angular power spectrum of intrinsic galaxy s...

Clustering on Distribution measurement is an essential task in mining methodology. The previous methods extend traditional partitioning based clustering methods like k-means and density based clustering methods like DBSCAN rely on geometric measurements between objects. The probability distributions have not been considered in measuring distance similarity between objects. In this paper, object...