To reveal the flow characteristics of shotcrete during pneumatic transportation, numerical simulation gas–solid in pipeline transportation process was carried out based on a CFD-DEM coupling method. When particle diameter increased from 7 mm to 12 mm, maximum wear depth 1.48 × 10−6 4.58 mm. With an increase diameter, increased. Moreover, position gradually concentrated fixed area with diameter....

Field sampling can be a major expense for planning within‐field management in precision agriculture. An efficient sampling strategy should address knowledge gaps, rather than exhaustively collect redundant data. Modification of existing schemes is possible by incorporating prior knowledge of spatial patterns within the field. In this study, spatial uncertainty of prior digital elevation model (...

The mechanism of liquefaction and the factors that cause behavior have previously been examined evaluated, both analytically experimentally; construction including countermeasures is being implemented, based on these findings. This study presents a theoretical visualization generation evaluates particles in ground. Specifically, an MPSM-DEM coupled CAE system (CAES) employed to view events bene...