Evidence suggests that religious systems have specific effects on attentional and action control processes. The present study investigated whether religions also modulate choices that involve higher-order knowledge and the delay of gratification in particular. We tested Dutch Calvinists, Italian Catholics, and Atheists from both countries/cultures using an intertemporal choice task where partic...

Delay of gratification, the ability to forgo an immediate reward to gain either better quality or quantity, has been used as a metric for temporal discounting, self-control, and the ability to plan for the future in both humans (particularly children) and nonhumans. The task involved can be parsed in several ways, such that the subjects can be required to wait, not only for a better or a larger...

Delay discounting is the process by which the value of an expected reward decreases as the delay to obtaining that reward increases. Individuals with higher discounting rates tend to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards. Previous research has indicated that personality can influence an individual's discounting rates, with higher levels of Extraversion predicting a prefer...

1 Vermerk Inhalte dieser Masterarbeit wurden am 13. März 2013 im Fachjournal " Biology Letters " unter dem Namen " Goffin cockatoos wait for qualitative and quantitative gains but prefer´better´ tómore´ " Isabelle B. Laumer hat die Datenaufnahme der Studie durchgeführt und war maßgeblich bei der Erstellung der schriftlichen Form der Veröffentlichung beteiligt. Teile dieser Publikation wurden in...

The frontal-striatal reward network is involved in many reward-related behaviors, including decision-making and those related to psychiatric disease. One important class of decisions involves the conflict between immediate rewards and delayed gratification. Temporal discounting preferences reflect how a person makes decisions that involve tradeoffs over time. A fundamental question is how peopl...

This paper discusses the ecological validity of recently proposed tasks for the assessment of executive functions related to the Orbitofrontal Cortex, in children and adolescents. This topic is discussed considering two conceptually distinct approaches to ecological validity, verisimilitude and veridicality. The issue of ecological validity has been increasingly recognized in child neuropsychol...

The use of personal finance smartphone apps results in an improvement various measures used to assess financial knowledge and skills, attitudes motivations, financially capable behaviors for those low-income households. Those provided with demonstrated increased self-confidence decision-making literacy improved their ability delay self-gratification sense being able effect change. Financially b...

This paper considers the question "What are good child outcomes?" from the perspectives of developmental psychology, economics, and sociology. Section 1 of the paper examines good child outcomes as characteristics of stage-salient tasks of development. Section 2 emphasizes the acquisition of "human capital," the development of productive traits such as cognitive ability, educational achievement...