The narrowest armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) with five carbons across the width of the GNR (5-AGNR) was synthesized on Au(111) surfaces via sequential dehalogenation processes in a mild condition by using 1,4,5,8-tetrabromonaphthalene as the molecular precursor. Gold-organic hybrids were observed by using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and considered as intermediate states u...

Electrons, photogenerated in conduction bands (CB) and trapped in electron trap defects (Tids) in titanium dioxide (TiO2), play crucial roles in characteristic reductive reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research on electron transfer in photo-excited TiO2. Particularly, the reactivity of electrons accumulated in CB and trapped at Tids on TiO2 is highlighted in the red...

The chlorine kinetic isotope effect (KIE) on the dehalogenation of 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA catalyzed by 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase has been measured at room temperature and optimal pH. The measured value of (37)k = 1.0090 +/- 0.0006 is larger than the KIEs recently measured for haloalkane and fluoroacetate dehalogenase. This indicates that the transition state for dissociation of chloride ion...

Tetrachloromethane (CT) is transformed in biological systems via two major pathways: hydrogenolysis to trichloromethane (CF) and hydrolysis to carbon dioxide. The mechanism of hydrolysis is poorly understood. One possibility is a hydrolytic reduction of CT to formate or carbon monoxide followed by oxidation to carbon dioxide. In biological systems, formate and carbon monoxide are readily oxidiz...