This paper is a review of literature concerning using vegetable oils as a replacement for diesel fuel. The term vegetable oils as used in this paper refers to vegetable oils which have not been modified by transesterification or similar processes to form what is called biodiesel. The oils studied include virgin and used oils of various types including soy, rapeseed, canola, sunflower, cottonsee...

Abstract Ramie’s natural fiber industry ( Boehmeria nivea ) has the potential to be able supply cellulose raw materials meet demands of textile industry. A consideration in manufacturing ramie-based products is need for an integrated set processes operate efficiently along chain. strategy maintaining chain ramie based on standardization upstream production process starting from cultivation syst...

The main objective of this work is the preparation nano-fibrous mats (NFM) from polyamide 6 (PA6) reinforced and functionalized by renewable proteinic waste examining their potential use for sorption heavy metal ions dyes wastewater textile plants. Two biopolymers; namely keratin (from wool combing) sericin degumming natural silk) were extracted regenerated. NFM prepared electro-spinning PA6/ b...

A degumming approach is used in this paper with alkalophilic pectinase-producing bacteria (APPB) and two sources of water solvents to address the existing conventional retting complexities kenaf. The incorporation APPB was confirmed based on their feasibilities multiple cell-wall-degrading enzymatic delicacy. combinations seawater offered achievements within six-day non-sterile conditions. Thes...

The basic unit operations in vegetable oil processing are shown in Figure 4. Oil is extracted from plant material (oilseeds) using a solvent, usually hexane. Published research indicates that about 50}70% of the hexane can be recovered and recycled using nanoRltration membranes instead of the evaporators used today, thus reducing energy consumption substantially. The extracted crude oil is most...

In the present study, crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CCIO) has been evaluated as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. C. inophyllum oil has high acid value which is 59.30 mg KOH/g. Therefore, the degumming, esterification, neutralization and transesterification process are carried out to reduce the acid value to 0.34 mg KOH/g. The optimum yield was obtained at 9:1 methanol to oil ...