Recently many studies on evolutionary algorithms using real encoding have been done. They include ant colony optimization (Socha & Dorigo, 2008), artificial bee colony algorithm (Akay & Karaboga, 2010; Kang et al., 2011), evolution strategies (ES) (Beyer, 2001), differential evolution (Das & Suganthan, 2011; Dasgupta et al., 2009; Kukkonen & Lampinen, 2004; 2005; Mezura-Montes et al., 2010; Nom...

The datasets presented in this article are related to the research articles entitled "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ulcerative Colitis: A Proteome Analysis of Intestinal Biopsies" (Bennike et al., 2015 [1]), and "Proteome Analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Gut Mucosa" (Bennike et al., 2017 [2]). The colon mucosa represents the main interacting surface of the gut microbiota and the immune syst...

Two recent papers reported identification of a long-sought agrin coreceptor, Lrp4 (Kim et al. in Cell and Zhang et al. in Neuron). In this issue of Neuron, Linnoila et al. report the identification of a new player in the agrin-MuSK pathway, Tid1, which directly interacts with MuSK and is responsible for transducing signals from MuSK activation to AChR clustering, culminating in cross-linking to...

INTRODUCTION It is a basic principle of genetics that the likelihood of a particular mutation occurring is independent of its phenotypic consequences. The concept of directed mutation, defined as genetic change that is specifically induced by the stress conditions that the mutation relieves (Cairns et al., 1988), challenges this principle (Foster, 1999; Rosenberg, 2001; Wright, 2004). The topic...

Currently, the detection of DNA is an area of great interest as it is the key feature in the research for specific nucleotide sequences of DNA detection. This technique plays an important role in biodiagnostics (Ali et al. 2012b), determination of genetic diversity (Hood and Galas 2003), criminal investigation in forensics and immigration (Heller 2002), food analysis (Ali et al. 2012a, c) and e...

The parametric maximum flow problem is an extension of the classical maximum flow problem in which the capacities of certain arcs are not fixed but are functions of a single parameter. Gallo et al. [6] showed that certain versions of the push-relabel algorithm for ordinary maximum flow can be extended to the parametric problem while only increasing the worst-case time bound by a constant factor...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are attracting concern because of their potential toxicity, posing serious threats to health of humans and ecosystems (Kim et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2016). Generally, similar to other contaminants' behaviors (Wu et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2007, 2008; Lu et al., 2009), PAHs result from natural organic matter and activities of humans, the latter's contrib...

The objective function of CICF, with the non-negative constraints on V and E, is a special case of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) (Lee & Seung, 1999; Recht et al., 2012; Seung & Lee, 2001; Yang et al., 2012), and can be solved by a multiplicative update approach (Seung & Lee, 2001; Yang & Oja, 2010). However, this approach suffers from the fluctuation problem in convergence (Yang & Oja...