This research gauges the ability of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques to assist control conjugate heat transfer systems governed by coupled Navier–Stokes and equations. It uses a novel, “degenerate” version proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm, intended for situations where optimal be learnt neural network does not depend on state, as is notably case in open-loop problems. Th...

Vertical transport of heat by ocean circulation is investigated using a coupled climate model and novel thermodynamic methods. Using a streamfunction in temperature–depth coordinates, cells are identified by whether they are thermally direct (flux heat upward) or indirect (flux heat downward). These cells are then projected into geographical and other thermodynamic coordinates. Three cells are ...

[1] It is known that in deep and open oceans, the effect of sea surface sensible and evaporative heat fluxes on the tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling is small compared to that caused by turbulent mixing and cold water entrainment into the upper ocean mixed-layer. This study shows that tropical cyclone-induced surface heat fluxes dominate the surface cooling in near-coastal shallow oc...

In regular arc welding, the arc heat is transferred from the surface of the workpiece to melt it. In keyhole plasma arc welding, the workpiece is melted by the plasma jet which heats the wall of the keyhole along the thickness direction. Penetration is achieved with reduced heat input. However, the plasma jet only gains its energy in the arc before reaching the keyhole. In the keyhole where no ...

Results from a global 1° model constrained by least squares to a multiplicity of datasets over the interval 1992–2004 are used to describe apparent changes in the North Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation and associated heat fluxes at 26°N. The least squares fit is both stable and adequately close to the data to make the analysis worthwhile. Changes over the 12 yr are spatially an...

Ultrasound (US) thermotherapy is used to treat tumours, located deep in human tissue, by heat. It features by the application of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), high local temperatures of about 90 degrees C and short treating time of a few seconds. Dosage of the therapy remains a problem. To get it under control, one has to know the heat source, i.e. the amount of absorbed US power, w...

Astudy was carried out with the objective of establishing heat and moisture loads in three commercial egg laying units in Alberta under winter conditions. The units studied were typical of triple-deck, deep-pit, and shallow-gutter, caged systems. Each unit was monitored for six 24-h periods over 4 mo. Adata acquisition system was used tocollect the data necessary to carry outa complete heat and...

Bryden, H.L., and M.M. Hall, Heat transport by currents across 25øN latitude in the Atlantic Ocean. Science, 207, 884-$86, 1980. Bunker, A., Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean, Mon. Weather Rev., 104, 1122-1140, 1976. Campbell, G.G., Energy transport within the earth's atmosphere-ocean system from a climate point of view, Ph.D. ...

Material failure is accompanied by important heat exchange, with extremely high temperature - thousands of degrees - reached at crack tips. Such a temperature may subsequently alter the mechanical properties of stressed solids, and finally facilitate their rupture. Thermal runaway weakening processes could indeed explain stick-slip motions and even be responsible for deep earthquakes. Therefore...

Standard drilling has limits as at some depth the pressures and temperatures force the drilled opening tight when the drill is lifted.This paper proposes a reliable and rapid method of penetration of rock masses by melting all or part of the rock face and penetrate therein, cool the resulting glassy tube to be a stabilized liner. The methods proposed to heat the tip of the melting element inclu...