Modal verbs in English are challenging to learn by speakers of other languages. The purpose of thiswas to shed light on the use of gesture in learning English modal verbs by Persian-speaking children.To achieve this, 60 elementary Iranian learners, studying at some institutes in Karaj took part in thisstudy. The participants were randomly put into one experimental group and one control group. T...

An approach for increasing the flexibility and reusability of finite element applications for scientific computing is investigated by utilizing the ViennaX framework. Implementations are decoupled into components, allowing for extensible application setups as well as convenient changes in the simulation flow. The feasibility of our approach is shown by decoupling finite element implementations,...

In this paper, a neural network-based sliding-mode controller design approach with decoupled method is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time uncertain multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) systems. The neural network is used to generate the proper control inputs by simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm. The decoupled method simplifies the design complexity to ac...

In this paper, adaptive neural network sliding-mode controller design approach with decoupled method is proposed. The decoupled method provides a simple way to achieve asymptotic stability for a class of fourth-order nonlinear system. The adaptive neural sliding mode control system is comprised of neural network (NN) and a compensation controller. The NN is the main tracking controller, which i...

An object model of multi-modal transport networks is developed with particular emphasis on applications in trip planning. The model caters for both public and private transport modes, and incorporates spatial and temporal data. A uniform approach to optimum trip nding across multi-modal transport networks is developed. The multi-modal network is spatially ordered using a quadtree storage object...

Multi-modal test execution allows execution of the same test against various layers of a software system, e.g. the GUI layer, the web service layer and the business logic layer. Multi-modal test execution helps with identifying the location of software bugs during debugging and maintenance as well as in tracking the progress of the development effort. This paper presents a method that effective...

The aim of the present paper is to discuss two different approaches for formulating independence friendly (IF) modal logic. In one of them, the language of basic modal logic is enriched with the slash notation familiar from IF first-order logics, and the resulting logic is interpreted in terms of games and uniform strategies. A different approach is formulated in the present paper: an IF modal ...

Modal languages were originally based on the possible-world approach proposed by Lewis, Carnap and others. In other words, modal languages were originally designed to talk about necessity (the box) and possibility (the diamond). Nowadays, modal languages (and certain natural extensions like dynamic languages, μ-calculus language, . . . ) are viewed as tools for analyzing the properties of Kripk...