Background and Objective: Reliable methods of detection of antimicrobial resistance are of paramount importance in the treatment and management of infections caused by coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS). The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate the performance of disc diffusion and E test (Epsilometer test) methods for antimicrobial testing of coagulase ne...

three-disc-diameters with a pale, swollen optic disc (Fig. 1A). Colour vision, using the Ishihara’s screening test for colour defi ciency, was normal in the right eye but left eye testing could not be performed. A HumphreyTM visual fi eld test showed a diffuse dampening of the left visual fi eld. Based on these fi ndings, a provisional diagnosis of left non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic ne...

Although dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) is being banned worldwide, countries in sub-Saharan Africa have sought exemptions for malaria control. Few studies show illness in children from the use of DDT, and the possibility of risks to them from DDT use has been minimized. However, plausible if inconclusive studies associate DDT with more preterm births and shorter duration of lactation, w...

Understanding the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance requires knowing the relative fitness of resistant organisms. In the absence of insecticides, resistance is predicted to be costly. The Drosophila melanogaster DDT resistance allele (DDT-R) is associated with a male mating cost. This could be because resistant males are generally smaller, but DDT-R may also alter courtship behavio...

We investigated presence and levels of DDT in 163 breast milk samples from four South African villages where, in three of them, malaria is controlled with DDT-sprayed indoors. Mean ΣDDT levels in breast milk were 18, 11, and 9.5 mg/kg mf (milk fat) from the three DDT-sprayed villages, respectively, including the highest ΣDDT level ever reported for breast milk from South Africa (140 mg/kg mf). ...

17 Recent studies have shown that chromogenic cephalosporin tests are inferior to disc zone edge tests in 18 detecting penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus isolates resulting in a change to CLSI and EUCAST 19 guidelines in 2012. We sought to confirm these findings using Australian isolates and compare the 20 performance of the CLSI and EUCAST methods which use different disc strengths, penici...

17 Recent studies have shown that chromogenic cephalosporin tests are inferior to disc zone edge tests in 18 detecting penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus isolates resulting in a change to CLSI and EUCAST 19 guidelines in 2012. We sought to confirm these findings using Australian isolates and compare the 20 performance of the CLSI and EUCAST methods which use different disc strengths, penici...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Updating information on response (susceptible / resistant status) of vectors to the insecticides in use is essential to formulate and introduce appropriate resistance management strategy. Therefore, a study was undertaken in the 10 southern districts of Odisha State, which are endemic for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to determine the insecticide susceptibility/ resista...

Nigeria is one of the malaria-endemic countries. In Lagos State, Nigeria, various malaria vector control programs including the use of chemical insecticides are currently being implemented. This study was designed to provide information on the susceptibility status of some nontargeted vectors such as Aedes aegypti. Adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from two farm sites and a nonfarm site were exposed...

background and objectives: klebsiella pneumoniae , one of the important causes of nosocomial infections, is the most common extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) producing organism. esbls are defined as the enzymes capable of hydrolyzing oxyimino-cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems. the aims of this study were to identify esbl-producing k. pneumoniae isolates and detect their antibioti...