The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. In 2005, among the fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants, the proportion of unrestrained occupants was much higher during nighttime than daytime. Also during nighttime, among passenger vehicle occupants killed in crashes, alcohol involvement, speeding, and single-­vehicle crash fat...

The daytime polysomnogram was used to evaluate 310 consecutive patients with suspected sleep disorders, referred mainly because of excessive daytime sleepiness. Abnormalities consistent with pathologic sleep apnoea were present in 102 cases, and with narcolepsy-cataplexy in 49 cases. The daytime polysomnogram is a readily accessible, accurate, and cost-effective method for diagnosing many sleep...

The regional incidence rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were traditionally calculated with the residential population as the denominator. The aim of this study was to estimate the true incidence rate of OHCA and to investigate characteristics of regions with overestimated and underestimated OHCA incidence rates. We used the national OHCA database from 2006 to 2010. The nighttime r...

Breathing is controlled by complex interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems in conjunction with respiratory system. Neurological diseases predispose patients to nocturnal desaturation pneumonia due dysfunction, which increases mortality, daytime sleepiness fatigue, reduces quality of life. Respiratory function tests are required identify decline consider compensatory mana...

Many species of typically diurnal songbirds experience sleep loss during the migratory seasons owing to their nocturnal migrations. However, despite substantial loss of sleep, nocturnally migrating songbirds continue to function normally with no observable effect on their behaviour. It is unclear if and how avian migrants compensate for sleep loss. Recent behavioural evidence suggests that some...

PURPOSE The effects of long-term low-level exposures to solvents on cognitive function were investigated. METHODS A total of 389 workers at a gun factory, those exposed to solvents (n = 193) and those that were not exposed to solvents during work (n = 196), were included. All the workers were given a questionnaire. Cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-mental Status Examination (MMSE) and ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the relation of ambulatory systolic blood pressure to aortic obstruction and more extensive vascular dysfunction, assessed by central aortic, peripheral conduit arterial and resistance vessel function. METHODS 12 adults (5 native, 7 recoarctation) were studied before, and 2 weeks and 6 months after aortic stenting. Systolic blood pressure was measured during normal dai...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prospective association between daily feelings of loneliness and subsequent feelings of daytime dysfunction indicative of poor sleep quality. DESIGN Three consecutive end-of-day diaries were completed by a population-based sample of 215 adults (mean age = 57.5 years, SD = 4.4). Diary questions probed sleep duration, daytime dysfunction (i.e., fatigue, low energy, sleep...

The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess daytime sleepiness in Chinese adolescents using the Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and to identify associations between PDSS answers and craniofacial characteristics. A group of 265 Chinese adolescents aged 11-17 years self-completed the PDSS, and their extra- and intra-oral craniofacial characteristics were recorded. Among the parti...