phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

Who is a really successful manager? A manager who spends less money, or the one who earns more? A manager who can survive for a longer period of time, or an administrator who expands his organization, and opens up new branches? Which one is the most successful? The article tries to answer these questions and provides, some simple guidlines for the managers in every domain of management who wan...