Fis protein and DNA Fis, under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase (Pan et al. 1996), was expressed by auto-induction (Studier 2005). Extracts were prepared using a French Press and nucleic acids were removed by precipitation with 0.35% polyethyleneimine followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate (80% saturation). Fis was purified by FPLC chromatography over a Bioscale S20 (Bio-Rad) colum...

In this column we provide a context for many of the types of data collection techniques used with human participants. We will not discuss methods for assessing diagnostic status, but we will provide some information about developing or evaluating a questionnaire, test, or other data collection technique. Research approaches or designs are approximately orthogonal to the techniques of data colle...

This focus issue of Spine is dedicated to measurement of clinical outcomes. At the practical level this is hard to do; however, at a scientific level it is essential. Those involved in clinical research or interested in collecting data in their own practices struggle with decisions about which instruments to use in collecting data and when to use them. Even when the relevant outcomes of a treat...

Article history: Received 12 October 2007 Received in revised form 6 April 2009 Accepted 2 May 2009

The CSR Development and Evaluation Spokes data collection task yielded 4435 development test utterances fr~n 30 speakers and 4878 evaluation test utterances from a different set of 30 speakers. The development test data covered eight different spoke conditions, each of which had its own distinct combination of subject, prompt text, microphone and recording environment requirements. Similarly, t...

This session focussed on two inter-related issues: (I) performance assessment for spoken language systems and (2) experience to date in speech corpora collection for these systems. The session included formal presentations from representatives of SRI International, MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science, BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation, and Carnegie Mellon University's School of Compute...

The optimal strategy for collecting X-ray diffraction data from macromolecular crystals is discussed. Two kinds of factors influencing the completeness of data are considered. The first are geometric, arising from the symmetry of the reciprocal lattice and from the experimental setup; they affect quantitatively the completeness of the measured set of reflections. The second concern the quality,...