Mold powders in continuous casting of steel contain fluorine through mainly CaF2 and occasionally NaF and Na3AlF6. Fluorine develops dangerous gases such as SiF4 and HF at high temperatures. In this study, CaF2 is partly replaced by substances such as Na2CO3, ZnO and Fe2O3.Sulfur free Portland cement clinker containing gypsum was used as a new product base. These additions developed comparable ...

Background: Chemistry laboratories of universities are dangerous. However, there is no appropriate instrument to assess staffs' awareness. The present study aims at developing a standardized instrument for awareness assessment of laboratory personnel on safe work. Methods: The present study is a kind of developing instrument methodology. The study was implemented in two phases: (I) generating ...

Conventional methods for extraction of the active constituents from herbal plants, in addition to their high processing costs, are harmful to the environment owing to their time and energy consumption, uncontrollable parameters, use of toxic and dangerous solvents, loss of the extract, thermal instability, the contamination of the product with organic solvents and the loss of water-soluble comp...

To ensure safety when transporting dangerous goods, it is important to specify the flow properties of respective solid filling substance packagings. For this purpose, angle repose currently used for UN approvals in Germany. Measurements were carried out on 12 powdery or granular substances applying measuring methods customary test centres. The results differ significantly from each other. In ad...

ear candling is an alternative medicine practice alleged to enhance general health by putting an end of a hollow candle in the ear canal and lighting up the other end of it. it also is advertised for cerumen and debris (bacteria and fungi) removal. ear candling is claimed to create negative pressure for drawing cerumen from the ear and to benefit the ears in many ways. it is however not free of...

Background: Substances abuse is dangerous not only for health but also in the view of economic and social values. The habit substance becomes cause purposeless waste money affects health. This study was conducted to assess effectiveness a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding substances among boys at selected senior secondary schools. Methodology: A pre-experimental pretest-posttes...