The submarine volcanic eruption occurring near El Hierro (Canary Islands) in October 2011 provided a unique opportunity to determine the effects of such events on the microbial populations of the surrounding waters. The birth of a new underwater volcano produced a large plume of vent material detectable from space that led to abrupt changes in the physical-chemical properties of the water colum...

During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency and dual-frequency receivers. The strategy is to deploy a few permanent, ‘fiducial’ GPS stations with dual-frequency, geodetic-grade receivers surrounding an ‘inner’ network of low-cost, single-frequency GPS receivers. Such a configuration offers...

S U M M A R Y A multi-2-D non linear traveltime tomography of the shallow (3–4 km deep) structure of Mt Vesuvius volcano was performed. Data have been collected during two recent active seismic experiments using a total of 17 on-land shots and about 140 three-component digital seismographs. A newly developed technique for imaging the volcano velocity structure has been applied, based on an adap...

This work focuses on the seismic response of a volcano to different magmatic processes with the aim of sheding light on their driving physics as tracked by seismicity. We study seismic time series recorded at basaltic volcanoes and identify generic seismicity patterns characteristic of (i) inter-eruptive, (ii) reservoir feeding, (iii) reservoir leak, and (iv) dyke injection phases of volcanic a...

Crustal extension at the East African Rift System (EARS) should, as a tectonic ideal, involve a stress field in which the direction of minimum horizontal stress is perpendicular to the rift. A volcano in such a setting should produce dykes and fissures parallel to the rift. How closely do the volcanoes of the EARS follow this? We answer this question by studying the 21 volcanoes that have erupt...

Since its launch in December 1999, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument has been observing over 1300 of the world’s volcanoes during the day and night and at different times of the year. At the onset of an eruption, the temporal frequency of these regularly scheduled observations can be increased to as little as 1–3 days at higher latitudes. Howe...

Coda-wave interferometry is a technique to detect small seismic velocity changes using phase changes in similar waveforms from repeating natural or artificial sources. Seismic interferometry is another technique for detecting seismic velocity changes from cross-correlation functions of ambient seismic noise. We simultaneously use these two techniques to clarify seismic velocity changes at Sakur...

West Rota Volcano (WRV) is a recently discovered extinct submarine volcano in the southern Mariana Arc. It is large (25 km diameter base), shallow (up to 300 m below sealevel), and contains a large caldera (6 ¥ 10 km, with up to 1 km relief). The WRV lies near the northern termination of a major NNE-trending normal fault. This and a second, parallel fault just west of the volcano separate uplif...

*Correspondence: Françoise Bergerat, ISTeP, CNRS-UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252, France e-mail: [email protected] Volcano-tectonic processes in the central part of Iceland, covered by the Vatnajökull glacier, are investigated by inversion of focal mechanisms. Working on a large catalog of focal mechanisms determined by the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), we used a damped reg...