Background and aims – A plant’s tolerance of herbivory depends on its ability to endure compensate for damage so as lessen the impact that herbivores have performance (e.g. growth, reproduction, or fitness). While is beneficial plants, it rarely complete, individuals in plant populations tend vary their levels tolerance. The goal this study was investigate potential costs associated with leaf f...

Australian rain forests extend from tropical climates in the north to temperate climates in the south, providing an opportunity to investigate physiological responses to temperature of both temperate and tropical species within the same forest type. Eight, rain forest canopy tree species were selected to cover the 33 degrees latitudinal range of rain forests in eastern Australia. Temperature to...

In response to replication-blocking DNA lesions, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can be conjugated with a single ubiquitin (Ub) or Lys63-linked Ub chains at the Lys164 residue, leading to two modes of DNA damage tolerance (DDT), namely translesion synthesis (TLS) and error-free DDT, respectively. Several reports suggest a model whereby monoubiquitylated PCNA recruits TLS polymerases t...

An effort is made to gain insight on the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the impact response of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRs) under low velocity impact. Certain amount of CNTs could lead improvements in mechanical properties of composites. In the present investigation, ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code (FEM) is employed to investigate various damages modes of nano composites ...

DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance machineries are crucial to overcome the vast array of DNA damage that a cell encounters during its lifetime. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance pathway translesion synthesis (TLS), a process in which specialized DNA polymerases replicate across from DNA lesions. TLS aids in resistance to DNA d...

Exposure of the brain to a stressful stimulus that is sub-threshold for permanent injury can temporarily protect against cell death during a subsequent and otherwise damaging insult. One or more brief, non-harmful seizure episode(s) (seizure preconditioning) can dramatically reduce hippocampal damage when given prior to status epilepticus (epileptic tolerance). We recently reported that status ...

X-ray radiation damage of a lysozyme single crystal by an intense monochromatic beam from a third-generation radiation source at the Advanced Photon Source has been studied. The results show that primary radiation damage is linearly dependent on the X-ray dose even when the crystal is at cryogenic temperatures. The existence of an upper limit for the primary radiation damage was observed. Above...

Posttranslational modification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an essential processivity clamp for DNA polymerases, by ubiquitin and SUMO contributes to the coordination of DNA replication, damage tolerance, and mutagenesis. Whereas ubiquitination in response to DNA damage promotes the bypass of replication-blocking lesions, sumoylation during S phase is damage independent. As bot...

Our aim is to maximize expected profit per item of a multi-stage production system by determining best adjustment points of the equipments used based on technical product specifications defined by designer. In this system, the quality characteristics of items produced should be within lower and higher tolerance limits. When a quality characteristic of an item either falls beneath the lower li...