CONTEXT Despite an increasing awareness of turf toe injury, confusion still exists regarding the anatomy, mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of this hyperextension injury to the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This article reviews the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm for turf toe injury by reviewing relevant studies and presenting information useful to...

DNA adenine methylation by DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) in Escherichia coli plays an important role in processes such as DNA replication initiation, gene expression regulation, and mismatch repair. In addition, E. coli strains deficient in Dam are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents. We used genome microarrays to compare the transcriptional profiles of E. coli strains deficient in Dam ...

BACKGROUND We examined toe-spreading ability in subjects with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) to test the hypothesis that subjects with CPPS could have deficiencies in lower extremity functions innervated by sacral spinal roots. METHODS Seventy two subjects with CPPS and 98 volunteer controls were examined as part of a larger study on CPPS. All the subjects underwent a detailed urologic a...

T he advantages of using a rubber dam are well-known when performing operative and endodontic procedures. These benefits include the following: disolation of the operating field to keep it dry and clean; dimproved access and visibility; dpotentially improved properties of dental materials; dprotection of the patient and dentist; dimproved operating efficiency. 1 Preparing teeth for indirect res...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical changes during natural heel-toe running with learned midfoot and Pose running. METHODS Twenty heel-toe runners were instructed in midfoot running and a novel running style in which the acromium, greater trochanter, and lateral malleolus are aligned in stance (Pose running). Clinical gait analysis was performed for each running sty...

INTRODUCTION The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of flexor tenotomy in a modified technique to prevent and heal neuropathic and neuroischaemic pressure ulcers on the tip of the toe in claw- or hammer-toe deformities in people with diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consequetive 4 years series of 38 patients was retrospectively studied. Percutaneous tenotomy on the superficial and deep ...

BACKGROUND Many adult patients with secundum-type atrial septal defects (ASDs) are able to have these defects fixed percutaneously. Traditionally, this has involved an assessment of ASD size, geometry and atrial septal margins by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) prior to percutaneous closure. This is a semi-invasive technique, and all of the information obtained could potentially be obta...

BACKGROUND Children walking on their toes instead of with a typical gait, without evidence of an underlying medical condition, are defined as idiopathic toe-walkers. The prevalence of idiopathic toe-walking is unknown. METHODS A cross-sectional prevalence study of 5.5-year-old children (n = 1436) living in Blekinge County, Sweden, was performed at the regular 5.5-year visit to the local child...

This paper addresses the extention of humanoid's action capability by attatching toe joints. E ectiveness of toe joints is discussed in three aspects. One is utilizing it to speed up the walking, another is using it to enable a humanoid to go up heigher steps, and the other is using it to whole-body action in which knees are contacting to the ground. Feet with toe joints are developed for Human...

Relief from external pressure and repetitive stress is a main concept in treating diabetic neuropathic ulcers. Ulcers on the tip of the big toe may be caused by abnormal extension of the big toe, which can be diagnosed only by observing the patient during barefoot walking. A flexor pad underneath the big toe eliminates the phenomenon, but in case of rigidity of the toe, extremely roomy toe boxe...