with the beginning of a new era of constitutional dimensions of iran's social and political environment changes, the formation of social and political forces in iran has been change. arrival and spread of western culture as a challenge to the intellectual tradition- political manifested, iranian muslims's among the jurists and religious forces seek to explain the progressive principle...

mac intyre believes that the history of the western culture and thought is analyzable in two different lines, so that the modern intellect is a free and liberated and thus wandering intellect that has not found its way to a strengthened and dignified thinking, and the pre-modern intellect is a theological one intertwined with excellence and committed to tradition. the pre-modern rational though...

The annual Chronic Disease Conference is such a venture. Spanning 18 years, the conference has given rise to an array of traditions. It is tradition for the conference to address timely, compelling public health issues. It is tradition for the conference to encompass the breadth and depth of matters relating to preventing chronic disease. It is tradition for content to be shaped by the thoughtf...

one of the most highly applicable evidences for inference of legal precepts is the isolated tradition, whose acceptance, rejection, or limitation is highly effective in the consequences of inference. muḥaqqiq ardabīlī, as one of the geniuses of imāmī jurisprudence in tenth/ sixteenth century, with his special attitude toward this source of inference of precepts, has regarded only the validity o...

It is argued that the current confusion about the role and purpose of the British nurse is a consequence of the modern rejection and consequent fragmentation of the inherited nursing tradition. The nature of this tradition, in which nurses were inducted into the moral virtues of care, is examined and its relevance to patient welfare is demonstrated. Practical suggestions are made as to how this...

The aims embedded in the activities of the Sir Hugh Cairns Memorial Trust-to stimulate original work, to enable young people to travel and be exposed to work going on in centres overseas, and to prevent the isolation of neurosurgery from the wider aspects ofmedicine, reflect many of Sir Hugh Cairns' own precepts. It is therefore suitable to review some aspects of his personality and life-work, ...