Over the past two decades, quality of life (QoL) research has become an integral endpoint in clinical trials, yet, regarding its implementation in daily clinical work, much hesitation still abounds. This article discusses how complex psychological processes at work within a patient along with environmental factors act upon each other to form what is finally measured in a QoL score. An extended ...

Cotton is unusual among major crops in that large acreages are grown under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, making genotype x environment interactions of even greater importance than usual in designing crop-improvement strategies. We describe the impact of well-watered versus water-limited growth conditions on the genetic control of fiber quality, a complex suite of traits that collective...

Two groups of Brangus steers produced by nuclear transplantation cloning were used in parallel studies investigating the impact of calf- and yearling-feeding. The first group (n = 8) were fed as calves (CF; n = 4) or yearlings (YF; n = 4) to a constant age end point of 16 mo. The second group (n = 10) were fed as calves (CF; n = 5) or yearlings (YF; n = 5) to a constant live weight end point (5...

range boundaries in these systems (Gaylord and Gaines 2000, Kinlan and Gaines 2003). In the case of marine biogeographic boundaries, the effects of temperature and currents are hard to separate because changes in the ocean circulation are often associated with abrupt changes in temperature. New insights to separate the effects of correlated environmental factors on species distributions can be ...

Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a well-studied Lepidopteran model system because of its morphology, life cycle, and economic importance. Many scientists have placed importance on enhancing the economic traits of B. mori because it's larvae, silkworms, are vital in the production of silk. In this study, the effect of bovine milk on B. mori growth was tested. Bovine milk contains seve...

Evidence of fishery-induced evolution has been accumulating rapidly from various avenues of investigation. Here we review the knowledge gained from experimental approaches. The strength of experiments is in their ability to disentangle genetic from environmental differences. Common garden experiments have provided direct evidence of adaptive divergence in the wild and therefore the evolvability...

Residual feed intake (RFI), defined as the difference in the observed and expected feed intake while accounting for growth and backfat, has gained much attention, but little is known about why pigs selected for reduced RFI are more efficient. To this end, a line of Yorkshire pigs selected for reduced RFI was developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 5th generation of this selec...

A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement with two genotypes of pigs (genetically obese and lean) and two dietary treatments (basal, a 16% protein corn-soybean meal standard grower diet, and basal +220 ppm thyroprotein as iodinated casein) was used. The 28 gilts were housed individually and fed ad libitum from 121 d of age until slaughtered at 99 kg body weight. Compared with lean pigs, genetically obese p...

Individual growth and feed intake of 36 Angus, 27 Polled Hereford and 30 Holstein steers were determined from 365 to 560 kg live weight. One-half of the cattle in each breed were fed a diet based on high-moisture ear corn and the other one-half were fed a diet based on corn silage. Within each breed X diet group, half of the cattle were implanted with zeranol. Cattle fed the high-moisture ear c...

Phenotypic traits may be gained and lost together because of pleiotropy, the involvement of common genes and networks, or because of simultaneous selection for multiple traits across environments (multiple-trait coevolution). However, the extent to which network pleiotropy versus environmental coevolution shapes shared responses has not been addressed. To test these alternatives, we took advant...