We study collective choice when individuals have heterogeneous discounted utilitarian preferences. Two attractive properties of intertemporal preferences are indistinguishable for individuals, but have dramatically different implications for collective choice. Time Consistency requires a plan that is optimal at one evaluation date to be optimal at all later evaluation dates, while Time Invarian...

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily consumption and/or application of argan oil on skin hydration in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty postmenopausal women consumed butter during the stabilization period and were randomly divided into two groups for the intervention period: the treatment group absorbed alimentary argan oil (n = 30) an...

To analyze welfare economics with status quo bias, we identify each agent with the incomplete preference relation defined by the preference judgments that hold at all of the agent’s status quo points. Although the welfare theorems of general equilibrium theory continue to hold, the set of Pareto optima can be very large. For generic economies, almost every Pareto optimum sits amid an open set o...

In this paper we present a survey of distributional impact analysis of environmental policies envisaged or implemented to reduce greenhouse gaz emissions. The implementation of these policies usually aim at reducing greenhouse gases directly or indirectly. However, these policies can also produce important changes in factor allocation, relative prices in specific countries as well as on world m...

The operating hourly cost of the machine is a suitable factor to analyze the cost fluctuation certain machinery in a changing environment and to find of economically feasible work concepts for the studied machine system. This paper, which is based on studies carried out in northern forests of IR-Iran, analyzed and compared costs of four skidding and excavation machines used in timber harvesting...

Hydraulic conductivities of sands with different gradation and grain shape were estimated experimentally at a relative density (Dr) of about 40 % and a 22 ± 2 °C of constant temperature. Narli Sand (NS) with 0.67 of sphericity (S) and 0.72 of roundness (R), and Crushed Stone Sand (CSS) with 0.55 of S and 0.15 of R values were artificially graded into sixteen different grain-size fractions (4.75...

The carbamate compounds are a class of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides, and bendiocarb is the most widely used carbamate insecticide used to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, flies, household and agricultural pests). In this study histological structure of rabbit lymphoid tissue and selected parameters of homeostasis after bendiocarb administration were studied. Bendiocarb was perorally...

We propose an abstract method of systematically assigning a “rational” ranking of outcomes to choice data which may not be rationalizable in any sense. An individual welfare functional maps stochastic choice functions into weak orders. A stochastic choice function gives the empirical frequency of choices for any possible opportunity set (framing factors may also be incorporated into the model);...