The Golden Horde was founded in 1241 by Batu Khān, the grandson of Chingghis Khān. People all religions lived vast geography this state, whose borders stretched from Dniester River west to Irtysh east. From middle 13th century, ṣūfī orders began preaching Horde, and 14th most people, including ruling class, converted Islam. Islam begun dominate life people functioning state. easily accepted soc...

Complete volume, containing all articles CONTENTS Introduction: Feriel Bouhafa, Towards New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam: Casuistry, Contingency, and Ambiguity I. Islamic Philosophy Theology The Dialectics of Ethics: Moral Ontology Epistemology Frank Griffel, Place Virtue within the Post-Classical Discourse ḥikma: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā Ayman Shihadeh, Psyc...