conclusions based on the findings, application of recombinant arcaga antigen for the detection of h. pylori infection is a simple, rapid, and brief non-invasive method. therefore, it can be suggested as an appropriate antigen for h. pylori detection kits. results we investigated caga protein, using the immunoblotting method in stool samples, which were already identified as positive by the appl...

Antral biopsy culture supernatants from 14 subjects with chronic gastritis, known to have IgA antibodies to the 120 kilodalton protein, showed positive recognition of this antigen in western blots against a cytotoxin positive strain of Helicobacter pylori but gave negative reactions with two cytotoxin negative strains. Control immunoblots with culture supernatants from 13 non-responders to the ...

Vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is one of the most important virulence factors of H. pylori (Hp), which isthe only toxic protein that is secreted from Hp cell into the culture supernatant. The effects of VacA oneukaryotic systems is the subject of many previous and on going research studies. Intracellular targetsfor this toxin include: late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, m...

ExoU, a protein transported by the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an important cytotoxin, though its mechanism of action is unclear. Here we show that the intracellular expression of ExoU is cytotoxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, internal amino- and carboxyl-terminal deletions confirmed that regions of ExoU previously shown to be essential for killing mamma...

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition defined by hyperglycemia driven insulin deficiency or decreased activity. GLP-1, gut enzyme, stimulates production and reduces hepatic glucose synthesis to regulate diabetes. GLP-1 agonists enhance sensitivity decrease blood relieve symptoms of DM. These medications represent novel paradigm manage diabetes as they improve glycaemic cont...

A commercially available latex agglutination test for Clostridium difficile was compared with a cell culture cytotoxin assay and bacteriological culture for the laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis (CAD). Stool specimens from 626 patients were tested by the three methods, and specimens from 118 patients (19%) were positive by at least one of the methods. The resu...

The therapeutic rationale of antibody conjugates is the selective delivery of a cytotoxin to tumor cells via binding and internalization of the monoclonal antibodies to a specific cell-surface antigen, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index of the cytotoxin. The key structural and functional components of an antibody conjugate are the antibody, the linker and the cytotoxin (chemical or radionu...