background: to evaluate vdr gene variation and its interaction with immune regulatory molecules in osteoporosis. methods: totally 205 pre and postmenopausal women were recruited in the study. after an overnight fast, peripheral blood was taken and centrifuged to sprat serum for measurement of serum parathyroid hormone, 25 hydroxyvitamin d, osteocal­cin and cross laps. the fok i polymorphism in ...

The Th1/Th2 cytokines involved in human periodontitis remain unclear; therefore, we established a humanized mouse model to investigate this issue in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-mediated periodontal infection. Quantitative-PCR analysis clearly demonstrates a predominantly mixed Th1 and Th2 expression profile associated with pathogen-specific cell-mediated immunity via osteoprotegerin li...

The invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells have emerged as an important regulator of immunity to infection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. They can be activated by glycolipids that bind to CD1d. The most effective iNKT ligand reported to date is alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), which stimulates iNKT cells to secrete both Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. Indiscriminate induction of both...

This review focuses on the possible role of T cells in successful pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent abortion. The functions exhibited by Th1 and Th2 cells have suggested, perhaps in a simplistic way, that Th1-type cytokines, which promote allograft rejection, may compromise pregnancy, whereas the Th2-type cytokines, by inhibiting Th1 responses, promote allograft tolerance and therefore may...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of anti-TNFalpha on the Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 20 patients with active SpA treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg). For comparison, PBMC were also obtained from 15 healthy controls and 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After stimulation w...

BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by a heterogeneous inflammatory profile and can be subdivided into T(h)2-high and T(h)2-low airway inflammation. Profiling of a broader panel of airway cytokines in large unselected patient cohorts is lacking. METHODS Patients (n = 205) were defined as being "cytokine-low/high" if sputum mRNA expression of a particular cytokine was outside the respective 10t...

OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunological profile after treatment switch from first-line injectables to rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and to compare the profile in MS patients with healthy controls (HC). METHOD Cerebrospinal fluid from 70 patients with clinically stable RRMS and 55 HC was analysed by a multiplex electrochemilum...

Cytokines secreted by cells of the immune system can alter the behavior and properties of immune or other cells. At a site of inflammation, sets of cytokines interact with immune cells, and their combined effect is often more important than the function of one isolated component. Conventional techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, generally require large quantities of cells to ...

BACKGROUND Psoriatic plaques present a complex expression profile, including high levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Circulating cytokines have been suggested to reflect the activation status of the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVES To analyse 20 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in 14 patients with psoriasis vulgaris at the start and during the course of ultraviolet B ...

ObjectiveTo compare the changing peripheral levels of inflammation-related cytokine profile during a 9-day period after blastocyst transfer between women who did and not conceive.DesignProspective, observational, longitudinal study.SettingUniversity-affiliated hospital.Patient(s)Forty-seven with infertility were undergoing single day-5 recruited.Intervention(s)This prospective observational stu...