Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor originating from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs during fetal period or early postnatal period, and one of most common extracranial solid malignant tumors in children. Cytokines are pleiotropic proteins that can effectively activate immune cells counteract suppression, thereby suppressing tumors. Cytokine immunotherapy provides more possibil...

Background: Management of multiple sclerosis (MS) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of Th1/Th2/Th17 serum cytokines in patients with MS. Methods: Six patients with relapsing remitting MS as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...

The kinases Mnk1 and Mnk2 are activated downstream of the p38 MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Extensive work over the years has shown that these kinases control phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and regulate engagement of other effector elements, including hnRNPA1 and PSF. Mnk kinases are ubiquitously expressed and play critical roles in signaling for various c...