The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genetic background on the phenobarbital inducibility of cytochrome P-450 2b-9, cytochrome P-450 2b-10 and aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 mRNAs in mice. We analysed the basal expression and the phenobarbital inducibility of both cytochrome P-450 mRNAs by semi-quantitative specific reverse transcription-PCR analyses in five inbred mouse st...

Using a spectrophotometer connected to a microcomputer, the carbon monoxide difference spectrum of renal microsomal dithionite-reduced cytochrome P-450 was measured avoiding the effects of the contaminating mitochondrial cytochromes and hemoglobin by subtracting the CO difference spectrum of a succinate-treated microsomal suspension from that of a dithionite-treated one. By this method, we quan...

The concept of landscape in contemporary cities is in a dynamic state of flux (Daidalos, 1999; Waldheim, 2006), yet urban design and planning tends to see landscapes as merely open space for recreation and areas set aside as nature reserves or urban public space (Vienna STEP05, 2005; Sydney Metropolitan Strategy, 2004). Such a reading is superficial and ignores the rich and complex contribution...

The relationship between vegetation and soil moisture deserves attention due to its scientific importance and practical applications. However, the effects of soil moisture on vegetation development and succession are poorly documented. Here we study soil water storage in Yanhe watershed at northern Shaanxi on five different land uses, namely shrubland, farmland, natural grassland, woodland, and...

We investigate whether competing information, primarily analyst reports, reduces the usefulness of earnings announcements. Our examination of this issue has two parts. First, we examine whether investors’ use of analyst reports, as measured by the absolute abnormal returns to these reports, substitutes for their use of earnings announcements. We find that market reactions to earnings announceme...

ALTHOUGH a plea of guilty in a prior criminal prosecution was admissible at common law, the record of the judgment was not admissible as evidence of the facts upon which it was based.1 This exclusionary rule, based on technicalities, has been widely criticized. The facet of the rule which excludes prior criminal convictions is gradually being eroded; the rule as to acquittals, however, remains ...

In recent years there have been major shifts in how the role of science-and scientists-are understood. The critical examination of scientific expertise within the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) are increasingly eroding notions of the "otherness" of scientists. It would seem to suggest that anyone can be a scientist-when provided with the appropriate training and access to data. I...

While voluminous studies have attributed the continuing decline of institutional trust to political corruption, the link between corruption and institutional trust in Asia has yet been explored systematically. Testing the effect of corruption on institutional trust is theoretically important and empirically challenging, since many suggests that contextual factors in Asia such as political cultu...

Metoprolol, a commonly prescribed β-blocker, is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme with substantial genetic heterogeneity. Several smaller studies have shown that metoprolol pharmacokinetics is influenced by CYP2D6 genotype and metabolizer phenotype. To increase robustness of metoprolol pharmacokinetic estimates, a systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacokin...