Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) can arise from either developmental or postdevelopmental processes. Recessive PKD, caused by mutations in PKHD1, is a developmental defect, whereas dominant PKD, caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2, occurs by a cellular recessive mechanism in mature kidneys. Oriented cell division is a feature of planar cell polarity that describes the orientation of the mitotic ...

The patient was a 41-year-old woman with an 8-month history of insidious sharp right groin pain and paresthesia radiating distally to the medial lower leg and foot with sitting and any activity involving hip extension. She denied any clicking in her hip. She was previously diagnosed by her internal medicine physician with a femoral hernia. However, surgical correction of hernia, as well as nons...

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD; MIM ID's 173900, 601313, 613095) leads to end-stage kidney disease, caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Inactivation of Pkd1 before or after P13 in mice results in distinct early- or late-onset disease. Using a mouse model of ADPKD carrying floxed Pkd1 alleles and an inducible Cre recombinase, we intensively analyzed the relationship between...

BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the cytokines produced by macrophages, monocytes and dentritc cells. Macrophages are present in apical granuloma and the wall of the radicular cyst. This cytokine causes the cyst expansion and is involved in proliferation of fibroblasts in the cyst wall and stimulate the fibroblasts to produce more prostaglandin. Radicular cyst is the most common cyst o...

1. Cyst walls of the potato cyst-nematode (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) were isolated by sieving a suspension of crushed cysts. About 12mg. of dried cyst walls was obtained from 1000 cysts. 2. The cyst walls contained mainly protein (72%, calculated from nitrogen content). On acid hydrolysis about 77% of the cyst wall went into solution. Of 19 amino acids present, proline, glycine, and alani...

AIM To comparatively evaluate Seldinger and Trocar techniques in the percutaneous treatment of hydatid disease. METHODS Trocar and Seldinger techniques were used for 49 and 56 cysts, respectively, among 106 hydatid cysts in 88 patients. The number of males and females were 22 and 66, respectively with a mean age of 44.9 years (range, 15-87). Follow-up studies included cyst diameter, cyst cont...

BACKGROUND Choledochal cyst is a congenital dilatation of the biliary tree. It may affect only the extrahepatic bile duct (type I, II and III), intrahepatic (type V) or both (type IVa). Vater first described choledochal cyst in 1723. Open excision was the standard procedure made a great impact in the treatment but since 1995 Farello et al. first reported laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision a...

Toxoplasma gondii infects up to one third of the world's population. A key to the success of T. gondii as a parasite is its ability to persist for the life of its host as bradyzoites within tissue cysts. The glycosylated cyst wall is the key structural feature that facilitates persistence and oral transmission of this parasite. Because most of the antibodies and reagents that recognize the cyst...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to report on epithelial posttraumatic iris cyst that was successfully treated with needle aspiration and surgical excision with surrounding iris tissue. CASE REPORT A 30-year-old women was treated for a large fluid-filled cyst in the anterior chamber of the left eye; 25 years before, she had an open globe injury. She observed deterioration of her visual ac...

INTRODUCTION Bleeding from isolated gastric varices, though uncommon, may be life threatening and may occur as a consequence of splenic vein thrombosis by tumoral compression and subsequent left-sided portal hypertension. CASE OVERVIEW We report the case of a 37-year old woman, previously diagnosed with a benign pancreatic cyst, who presented with severe gastric variceal bleeding. DIAGNOSIS...