The incidence of serious fungal infections has increased dramatically in recent decades. This increase is mainly due to the advent of HIV and to the increased use of cancer chemotherapy and of immunosuppressive therapies in organ transplantation [1,2]. The treatment of fungal diseases involves several classes of antifungal agents, among which the imidazoleor triazole-based drugs (referred to co...

Objective: To study the effect of sodium sulfadimethylpyrimidine (SDMP) on different forms of CYP 450 enzymes induced by phenobarbital (CYP 2B1, 2B2 and 3A), isoniazid (CYP 2E1), benzo(a)pyrene (CYP 1A1), clotrimazole (CYP 3A), and clofibrate (CYP 4A). Materials and Methods: Chickens (Hubbard, male) weighing 250–300 g were divided into 17 groups of six each. Five experimental sets were prepared...

When two or three drugs are each substrates for the same enzyme, there is a possibility for an adverse drug reaction when used simultaneously. Lidocaine is rapidly and almost exclusively eliminated by CYP3A4. The newer antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) such as sertraline are metabolized by the hepatic enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. The benzodiazepines such as midazolam (...

Some epidemiological evidence suggests a link between the inhalation of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-contaminated grain dusts and increased lung cancer risk. However, the mechanisms of AFB(1) activation and action in human lung are not well understood. We compared AFB(1) action in SV40 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with two transfected cell lines that stably express human c...

Cypermethrin (CYP) and Carbendazim (CAR) are synthetic pesticides that have been in use for more than a decade. A study of a low-dose exposure of these pesticides in rat administered different doses of each of these compounds, individually and in combination, followed by investigation of the biochemical and histological status of the rat brain, will highlight early enzymatic and histological ch...

We explore racial inequality in relation to Black children and young people (CYP) Child Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). argue that the experience of racism should be universally considered an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). vicarious trauma arising from exposure frequent media reports racially motivated violence against persons ethnicity can all predispose CYP increased risk ment...

Acetaminophen is widely used as a fever and pain reliever drug. However, acetaminophen intoxication was common responsible for thousands of acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) cases worldwide. It understood that glutathione (GSH) depletion causes deposit metabolites which are toxic to cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), therapy, has been reported cause side effects such nausea, vomiting, anaph...

Rat was used to characterize Chinese Yam polysaccharides (CYPs). In Exp. 1, maximum volume and rate of gas production in CYP 3-supplemented group were higher than other CYP-supplemented groups and control group, while pH values and NH3 contents in CYP 2-, CYP 3-, and CYP 4-supplemented groups were lower than control group. Contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate increased by supplementing ...

PURPOSE This research investigated the biotransformation of thalidomide by cytochrome P-450 (CYP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used liver microsomes from humans and/or animals and the recombinant specific CYP isozymes to investigate CYP-mediated metabolism of thalidomide. RESULTS Thalidomide was biotransformed into 5-hydroxythalidomide (5-OH) and diastereomeric 5'-hydroxythalidomide (5'-OH) by l...

Relative activity factors (RAFs) and immunoquantified levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms both have been proposed as scaling factors for the prediction of hepatic drug metabolism from studies using cDNA-expressed CYPs. However, a systematic comparison of the two approaches, including possible mechanisms underlying differences, is not available. In this study, RAFs determined for CYPs 1A2, ...