Meloidogyne incognita is a common root-knot nematode with a wide range of plant hosts. We aimed to study the metabolites produced at each stage of the nematode life cycle to understand its development. Metabolites of Meloidogyne incognita were extracted at egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages and 110 metabolites with available standards were quantified using CE-TOF/MS. Analyses indicated abundanc...

Cyclodextrins are cylindrical oligosaccharides with a lipophilic central cavity and hydrophilic outer surface. They can form water-soluble complexes with lipophilic drugs, which 'hide' in the cavity. Cyclodextrins can be used to form aqueous eye drop solutions with lipophilic drugs, such as steroids and some carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The cyclodextrins increase the water solubility of the d...

In this study, we further characterize a mutant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that has a deletion of Phe(335) and is resistant to inhibition by cyclosporins. Photoaffinity labeling with [(3)H]cyclosporine and [(3)H]azidopine revealed markedly decreased binding to the mutant P-gp compared with wild-type P-gp. Expression of the mutant P-gp in multidrug-resistant variant cell line MES-SA/DxP (DxP) cells w...

Structural annotation of metabolites relies mainly on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. However, approximately 90% of the known metabolites reported in metabolomic databases do not have annotated spectral data from standards. This situation has fostered the development of computational tools that predict fragmentation patterns in silico and compare these to experimental MS/MS spectra. ...

The new phase-II N-glucoside metabolites of butobarbitone and pentobarbitone are identified and quantified in human urine after single doses of these drugs. The identification and quantification of these metabolites were carried out by mass spectroscopy technique (accurate mass measurement and high voltage scanning). It was found that the butobarbitone N-glucoside comprised 26% of the dos...